(1/4) Raymond Davis Jr. - Born in Washington, D.C., on October 14, 1914. In 1942 earned a Ph.D. in physical chemistry from Yale University. Served in the U.S. Army Air Force from 1942-1946. Worked at the Monsanto Chemical Company for two years. In 1948, joined the Department of Energy’s Brookhaven National Laboratory. While he was there he won the Nobel Prize in Physics for detecting solar neutrinos. (1/4) Masatoshi Koshiba - Born in Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan in September 19, 1926. Recieved a Ph. D in 1955 From the University of Rochester. He is currently the Senior Counselor of International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Emeritus Professor of University of Tokyo. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for the detection solar neutrinos. (1/2) Riccardo Giacconi - He was born in Italy on October 6,1931. Riccardo Giacconi earned his Ph.D. in cosmic ray physics at the University of Milan. In 1959 he joined American Science and Engineering, a Massachusetts research firm, where he began work on X-ray astronomy. He discovered cosmic X-ray sources.