Particles make up everything around us. Yet, there are many multifarious particles that accomplish this task. The two main particle groups are based on spin; the first is fermions, and the second is bosons. Some well-known fermions are electrons, neutrons and protons; well-known bosons are photons.
Fermions all can have one of two spins, either up or down. This, however, does not mean that they actually "spin" in this fashion; these names are simply given for classification purposes. Though electrons seem to be indivisible, protons and neutrons are made up of quarks: either the up quark (charge +2/3) or the down quark (charge -1/3). Only two of the same quark can be present within a proton and neutron. This makes sense: if two up quarks and one down quark are present, the overall charge is +1 (proton). If two down quarks and one up quark are present, the overall charge is 0 (neutron). Yet, there is a further subdivision of fermions: particles made from quarks, and those made from leptons.
Along with the up and down quarks, there are the charmed, strange, top and bottom quarks. There are also six different types of leptons: the electron, the electron neutrino, the tauon and the tau neutrino, and finally the muon and the mu neutrino. These particles may seem very strange and outlandish, but they are thought by some scientists to be the fundamental building blocks of the universe.
So right now, we see a net total of 12 particles. However, antimatter is also present in the universe. For every particle there is an anti-particle. Thus, along with the 12 regular particles, there are 12 anti-particles to go along with them. This raises the total count to 24 major particles that make up the structure of the universe and everything within it.