| Tsunami |
| When
large earthquake, landslide, or volcanic eruption happens under the
ocean a tsunami wave can be made. Tsunami waves usually come from
a long distance away, thousands of miles. The wave starts out very
small, but grows to huge heights as it comes near land. Tsunami waves
a very powerful and can cause a lot of damage to the land. |
... |
| Surface
Faulting |
| A
surface fault is a crack in the crust that reaches the surface of
the Earth. It happens when an earthquake occurs just under the surface
and if the epicenter is less than 20 kilometers. |
 |
| Ground
Shaking |
| Waves
of energy that are released during an earthquake causes the land
to make waves like water does. Ground shaking happens when a fault
moves suddenly. The waves travel across the surface of the earth
and through the earth under the surface too. |
| Landslide |
 |
A
landslide happens when land on a slope is weakened by an earthquake
or heavy rain. The land along the slope slides down to the land
below it. |
|
| Liquifaction |
| When
the ground is full of water it becomes weak and acts like
a fluid. Sand near the seashore is a good example of this.
Shaking ground can make water from under the ground saturate
the ground above it. The dirt becomes more like a sediment
and can drain away. |
 |
|
| Tectonic
Deformation |
| The
Earth's crust sits on top of tectonic plates. Millions of years ago
the tectonic plates were in a different position and the continents
were too. When the continental plates move or change it is called
tectonic deformation. |
| Seiches |
| If
you have ever sloshed a bowl of water, then you understand
what a seiche is. When you move a bowl back and forth the
water spills out. The same think happens to lakes when the
earth shakes back and forth during an earthquake. The water
goes side-to-side and some of the water spills out onto the
land. |
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