Habitat: Moist sites, under larger trees
Wood Uses: Weaving shuttles, spools, small pulleys, mallet heads, novelties.
Wildlife Uses: Fruit: wood ducks, bluebird, cardinal, gray catbird, purple finch, common flicker, crested flycatcher, kingbird, yellow-bellied sapsucker, tree swallow, scarlet tanager, brown thrasher, red-eyed vireo, pine warble woodpeckers, eastern chipmunk, white-footed mouse, Appalachian woodrat. Fruit & buds: ruffed grouse, wild turkey and pheasant. Twigs & foliage: white-tailed deer.
Historical Uses: In 1800"s root bark used in place of quinine to treat malaria; bark used to treat worms, muscular aches, as antiseptic.
