A loss of five yards occurs when:

• Offsides
• There is an illegal motion
• A player goes offsides
• There are more than eleven players on the field from a team
• A false start has occurred
• A player enters the neutral zone repeatedly

A loss of half the distance to the goal line occurs when the distance to be assessed by a penalty is greater than the distance to either goal line.

Loss of the ball occurs when the offense fails to cover enough yards to make first down.