Glossary


A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z #

Select the first letter of the word from the list above to jump to appropriate section of the glossary. If the term you are looking for starts with a digit or symbol, choose the '#' link.


- A -

acetate

a salt of acetic acid, used to make vinyl records, textiles and fabric

acid rain

acid formed in the atmosphere especially from industrial waste and falling with rain

AKA

Also Known As

alloy

a mixture of two or more chemical elements of which one or more is a metal  

amalgam 

Mercury alloys

anthracite

hard coal

antimony

a brittle silver white metal

auger

a huge drilling screw which can drill as deep as 200 ft

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- B -

bauxite

an aluminum-bearing ore

bear hole

a small man-made mining tunnel within a larger mine

binary

something having two parts

bismuth

a brittle reddish-white metallic pigment occurring naturally and used in alloys

bituminous

soft coal

black lung

a disease caused by the inhalation of too much coal dust

boreholes

a deep narrow hole especially one made in the earth to find water, oil, etc.  

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- C - 

capillary

a tube of hair-like diameter

carbohydrates

any of a large group of energy-producing organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, starch glucose, and other sugars

cave-in

an accidental falling of a mine ceiling

ceramics

made of clay and permanently hardened by heat 

clot

a thick mass of liquid hardened by blood, that is exposed to air

coke-

solid substance left after the gases have been extracted from coal

colloidal

a substance consisting of ultramicroscopic articles

Commodore-

the senior captain of a shipping line

compound

a mixture of two or more things

currency

money

        
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- D -

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid, the self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms

double jackers-

men who made the holes for blasting powder to go in mine walls during the 1800's

dredger

a machine used for dredging rivers, oceans, etc. 

 
ductile
capable of being drawn into wire, pliable, not brittle
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- E -

element

any of the hundred or so substances that cannot be resolved by chemical means into simpler substances

enzymes

a protein acting as a catalyst in a specific biochemical reaction

 

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- F -

folly

foolishness; lack of good sense

forty-niners

miners who mined for gold during the California Gold Rush

fusion (nuclear)

  the binding together of atomic particles to build up heavier elements. This causes the release of energy that is the source of energy in all stars.

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- G -

Galena-

Lead ore

geode-

a rough, round-like stone that has crystals inside 

gold

a yellow high density metallic element resistant to chemical reaction, occurring naturally in quartz veins and gravel

granite

a granular crystalline igneous rock of quartz, mica, feldspar etc...used for building

gypsum

a hydrated form of calcium sulfate, occurring naturally and used to make plaster of Paris, and in the building industry

   

 

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- H -

hemoglobin

a red oxygen-carrying substance containing iron, present in the red blood cells of vertebrates 

HUD -

Housing and Urban Development

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- I -

inclines

roads drilled down to mines for vehicle access

industrialization

to introduce industry to a country or a region

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- J -

(empty)
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- K -

(empty)
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- L -

lead

a bluish-gray metallic element occurring naturally in galena and used in building and alloys

lignite-ore
brown coal
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- M -

Malaria

an often fatal, mosquito-born disease 

Manhattan Project

the U.S. making of the atomic bomb, which involved 125,000 people and cost almost $2,000,000,000

matrix

a pattern of secondary minerals in turquoise that form interlocking polygons referred to as "spider web"

metabolizes 

the process or being processed by metabolism

metal

any of a class of chemical elements, lustrous ductile solids and good conductors of heat and electricity and forming basic oxides

methane

the main part of natural gas, colorless, odorless, flammable and toxic

mineral

any of the species into which inorganic substances are classified

molybdenum

a silver-white, brittle transition element occurring naturally in molybdenite, and used in steel to give strength and resistance to corrosion

mutation-

the process or change or alteration
    

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- N -

natural resources

a naturally-occurring supply that can be drawn on...a country's collective wealth

nuclei

the central or main thing around which others are collected

 

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- O -

orbit

To move around something

ore

a naturally occurring solid from which minerals may be extracted

oxide

a binary compound of oxygen

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- P -

Pallagra

a disease which can cause insanity and death

peat

the first stage of coal

percolate

to filter or ooze gradually

peridotite

aqueous olivin pyroxene rock often containing amphibole, mica, chromite or magnetite    

 

philanthropist

one who gives charity on a large scale

pneumatic

Air-powered

porous

full of pores, letting through air, leaky

precious stone

a mineral having great value


protein

any of a group of organic compounds composed of one or more chains of amino acids and forming an essential part of all living organisms  

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- Q -

(empty)
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- R -

radioactive

the spontaneous degeneration of atomic nuclei, emitting penetrating particles

radium
a radioactive metallic element 

Robber Barons-

a term for late 19th-century industrialists

rock

any natural material, hard or soft, consisting of one or more minerals

room and pillar

a modern mining technique where large mining "rooms" are supported and stabilized by pillars

RNA

ribonucleic acid

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- S -

secede

to break away from

semi-precious stone

less valuable than a precious stone

silver

a grayish-white lustrous metallic element occurring naturally

 sluice

to rinse ore

smelter

a refining furnace

Star of Arkansas

a large yellow diamond found in Crater of Diamonds, worn by Hillary Clinton at President Clinton's inaugural ball

sterile

not being able to have children

strike

to find or come across

stunt

to hold back the growth or development

sulfide

a binary compound of sulfur 

sulfur

a pale yellow non-metallic element having a suffocating smell and a blue flame...used in gunpowder, matches, sulfuric acid, rubber and for the treatment of skin diseases

synthesis

the process or result of building up separate elements

synthesize 

to make a synthesis

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- T -

tailings

waste rock left behind after mining

talc

any crystalline form of magnesium silicate that occurs in soft, flat plates usually white or pale green and used as a lubricant

transparent

allowing light to pass through so that bodies can be seen through

trimmer

a miner who frees loose ore and rock from the walls and ceiling after drilling and blasting in a mine

       

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- U -

  ultraviolet
having a wavelength beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum

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- V -

vein

a seam, lode or deposit of mineral

vertical integration-

controlling the manufacturing as well as the resources and supporting businesses to produce a product cheaper

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- W -

(empty)
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- X -

(empty)
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- Y -

(empty)
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- Z -

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- # -

(empty)
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Revised: April 10, 2000 .
Copyright © 2000  JANIL.