Republic of Sudan
           
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Current President  
Omar al-Bashir
 
   
Capital
   . Khartoum
 
 

Land

  

There are very few land features in the country of Sudan. Sudan is covered in flat plains for the most part, but does have some mountains along the eastern and western edges of the country.
 
  Land Features
Nile River Al Gezira Lake Nasser
Map of Nile River Basin
Borders   Egypt along
the north
 Red Sea along
the northeast

Kenya, Uganda,
and Congo along the south		 Central African Republic
and Chad
  Eritrea and Ethiopia along the east
   
Climate   The southern section of Sudan has a tropical climate. An arid desert climate is found in the north. Most of Sudan's rain comes during the rainy season months of April through October.
   
   
    CIA map
   
   
Population   30,120,000 (1995 estimate)
 
   
People   Arab and Nubian Sunni Muslim groups occupy the northern third of Sudan. Most of the people of the northern lands are not Arab descendants, but they practice Arab religions and ways. Muslim people from west Africa have migrated to central Sudan and are either farmers or agriculture workers. The people of south Sudan are Nilotic (from the Nile) and Sudanic people. Most of this southern group of people are Muslim, but some are Christians.
 
   
Economy   Agriculture is the main industry in Sudan and 80% of the population works in this field. Droughts affect the economy of Sudan because so much of the countries ability to make money depends on growing crops. Cotton, sesame, and peanuts are the major goods exported from Sudan. Some other crops that are grown in Sudan are sorghum, millet, wheat, dates, and sugarcane. The animals raised in Sudan and sold at market are sheep, cattle, goats, and camels. Sudan has a small mining industry that produces chromite, copper, salt, gold, manganese, gypsum, and mica. There are some oil reserves, but because of military actions they are not used.
 
   
Government   The government of Sudan has been in a transitional stage since 1989 and has been controled by a military junta. Sudan's National Islamic Front (NIF) has been the strongest government official for a long time. The National Congress Party is used by the National Islamic Front as its cover. A series of military coups has not allowed Sudan's government to become stronger. Sudan't legal systemuses English common law and Islamic law to make decisions. Sudan's legislative branch of government is the unicameral National Assembly. The National Congress is made up of 400 seats. Some members are elected and others are appointed to office. The Supreme Court; Special Revolutionary Courts are the only members of the judicial branch of the government.
 
   
History  

Khartoum is the capital of Sudan, but Omdurman is the largest city. In 1923 the Egptians established Khartoum as a headquarters for the ivory and slave trade. Muhammad Ahmad wanted the Egyptians to leave Sudan, so a war was fought. The group that led the fight are called the Mahdi, a religious group. In the 1890's Brittain decided later that it wanted control of Sudan, so another war was fought. Brittain defeated the Mahdi and conquered Sudan. Sudan won its independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom on January 1, 1956.
 
   
   
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Bibliography and Citations
Photographic Citations: Photographic citations can be found by moving your mouse over the picture.
Electronic Encyclopedia: http://www.encyclopedia.com/articles/12437.html
CIA Factbook: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/