PROTECTION FROM DIRECT HIT is made of lightning rod sticks or protection ropes, which we described with some specific qualities. Usualy, ends of lightning-rod sticks are grounded. We need to have in mind that the lightning current creates overvoltage that appears on casing of grounded devices in electic plants (transformators, generators, etc.) That overvoltage should not be so high to indanger the insulation of devices. The only way to influence that overvoltage is to reduce ground resistance as low as we can.
Transformer is a device that needs to be most protected. Often the casing of transformer is grounded about 15 meters from lightning rod groundning. If that solution is not possible, then we protect the transformer with extra overvoltage drains.

PROTECTION FROM TRAVELLING WAVES is managed with overvoltage drains. Overvoltage drains are devices, which operate like this:
On overvoltage drain could appear a voltage smaller than voltage which goes through drain. In that case, it behaves like insulator and it will not couduct current. When voltage in drain exceeds the voltage that goes through drain, it starts conduct current. The current through drain is variable, but the voltage in the overvoltage is same as overvoltage that goes through drain.
Overvoltage drains are installed on the entrance into the electric plant. One side is connected on phase conductor and the other side is grounded. If the travelling wave passes through overground transmission line, it will come across overvoltage drain on the entrance into plant, which starts to work and loses only smaller overvoltages. That overvoltage is same like voltage that goes through drain and it is not dangerous for devices in plant. However, if lightning hits overground transmittion line near by plant, than overvoltage drain can' t conduct away all overvoltages and could be destroyed. To avoid that, the overground transmittion lines near electric plants are higher protected and that eliminates possibility of direct lightning hit near plant. It is called "protected approach".
Travelling wave originated far avay from plants is not dangerous because of conductor resistance influence and phenomena called "corona". Such wave through drain isn't dangerous for drain and plant any more.