Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
Charles Darwin is such a prominent figure in modern day biology his name has become synonymous with the word evolution.
Darwin's love for nature was fostered at a young age. His parents intended for him to become a doctor but Darwin found the lessons boring and often skipped lessons. His parents then decided to that Darwin should join the clergy, a concept that Darwin agreed with, thus went to Cambridge where he was allowed to pursue his interest in theology.
Today Charles Darwin is widely considered the originator of the theory of evolution. Darwin wasn't the first to speculate about evolution. However, it wasn't until his book The "Origin Of Species By Means Of Natural Selection" published in 1859, that the theory became widely accepted.
The theory of evolution has always received opposition from religious believers for its conflicting view on creation. However, it is accepted by most biologists today. I cannot comment much on his works due to its subjective nature, however, without a doubt, Charles Darwin is truly a genius and an innovator of modern day science.