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Unconsciousness

Unconsciousness is a strong indication of a serious medical situation and complicates a number of injuries and illnesses. Breathing difficulties can easily arise as a result of unconsciousness; the airway may have become blocked by the tongue or fluids. The first priority upon finding an unresponsive casualty is to ensure a clear airway is maintained.

Remember:

Bullet"Look-for chest movement Listen-for sounds of breathing Feel-for breath on your cheek" (pg. 2-9 St.John's Ambulance First Aid Guide)
BulletRecheck breathing frequently
BulletIf at any point the casualty stops breathing perform artificial respiration immediately

Procedure

Bulletsend for medical help
Bulletperform a primary survey
Bulletperform first aid for any life threatening conditions
Bulletloosen clothing
Bulletif there are no spinal/head injuries, place casualty in the recovery position

Fainting

Fainting is when there is a brief shortage of oxygen to the brain causing a temporary loss of consciousness. A number of problems such as hunger, fatigue, lack of fresh air or long periods of sitting/standing can cause it.

Signs

Before the a person faints they may exhibit the following symptoms:

Bulletpaleness
Bulletfeels sick or dizzy

Procedure

Bulletlay the person down with legs raised or have them sit with their head lowered between their legs
Bulletmake sure the casualty has access to plenty of fresh air
Bulletloosen clothing

If the person has fainted:

Bulletfollow the same steps as for an unconscious casualty
Bulletwhen the casualty regains consciousness, keep them lying down for 10-15 minutes

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