Injuries to the head and spine are always considered to be serious because of the danger of injury to the central nervous system. The nervous system controls all bodily functions. Head or spinal injuries should be suspected if the casualty has fallen down the stairs, from a height, has hit their head or is found unconscious and no history is known.

Signs

fluid coming from the ears, mouth or eyes
is unconscious
change in their level of consciousness
bruising around the eyes or ears
vomiting
headache
paralysis of any part of the body

Procedure

make sure the casualty does not move
support the head/neck
send for medical help immediately

Remember:

moving the casualty could cause permanent damage to the spinal cord
experts stress the importance of getting medical attention within an hour of the injury occurring, to reduce the likelihood of lifelong impairments