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Legal Issues - A Will

Don't ignore the problem - make a Will.

A will has been defined as:

“A declaration of what a person wishes to happen to his property after his death”

  • A will must comply with certain formalities to be acceptable as it reflects an individuals intention concerning what is to happen to his assets after he has died.

  • A person making a will is called a testator (man) &/or testatrix (woman). 

  • The will must be made personally by the person and be signed at the end by him or by some other person in his presence and by his direction.

  • The will must be signed in the presence of two witnesses present at the same time.

  • Each page must by signed by the Testator / Testatrix with the witnesses.

 

  • To make a will you must be 16 years by age or older and have the capacity to understand what you are doing and the effect of what you are doing.

  • A witness to a will must be over the age of 14 years.

All persons may benefit from a will, however certain people are disqualified and here are a few examples:

  • -         anyone who tries to influence the testator /trix while making a will to give them a benefit from the will.

  • -         any person or their spouse who has written the will on behalf of the testator /trix

  • -         a person who marries a minor without the necessary consent

  • -         a person who intentionally caused the death of the testator

  • -         a person who conceals the will of a testator

  • -         a witness to a will

 

A will properly executed is regarded as valid until the contrary is proved and the responsibility of proving the contrary rests on the party alleging it.

It is accepted that a testator has the right to dispose of all his assets as he pleases.

He cannot however make bequests which are illegal, against public policy or too vague to be enforced. 

He has an obligation to maintain his minor children and his surviving spouse has a claim against the estate for maintenance.

A testator nominates an executor whose duty it is to execute the wishes of the Testator in terms of the content of the will and in terms of the Administration of Estates Act No 66 of 1965.

On the death of the testator the will is filed at the Master of the High Court who ensures that the will is administrated and executed correctly.

If a testator leaves an asset to a minor child, being an unmarried person under 21 years old, the following rules apply:

  • The guardian may accept the movable property on behalf of the minor subject to the conditions of the will.                                                    
  • No money is to be paid to a guardian,  unless the will states otherwise and / or the guardian has provided security to the master.
  • Where the will makes no specific provision regarding a minors inheritance the inheritance is lodged with the Guardian’s Fund in the Master’s office until the minor reaches 21 years old.

The usual order of clauses in a will are as follows, but there is nothing prescribed by law as to the format of a will:

  • -         testator declares his testamentary intention

  • -         testator revokes previous wills

  • -         testator nominates executors – if necessary trustees

  • -         testator sets out any legacies / individual bequests

  • -         testator directs / who is to inherit the residue / remainder of his assets

  • -         testator and witnesses attest to the will

  • -         if you do not make a will you will die intestate and there is a law which governs what happens to your assets.

All people, especially those with minor children, should make a will directing what must happen to their assets and how their children must by taken care of after the parent dies.

In order to make a will and ensure it is correct in law it is advisable to otain the assistance of any of the following:

  • -         An attorney (a Legal Aid Clinic can help advise you as well)

  • -         An Accountant

  • -         A Bank.

Make sure you have provided for your loved ones!

 

An example of a will is included where a man and woman are married without children.

Mutual will of testator married out of community of property; no children; bequeathing estate to wife;

This is the last will of me (name of testator), married out of community of property to (name of spouse) presently domiciled and resident at (specify)

    1. Revocation  I revoke all previous wills made by me.
    2. Nomination of executor  I nominate my said wife (name of spouse)  to be the executrix of this my will and estate with the power of assumption.

1   .S 23 (2)  (a)  of the Administration of Estates Act 66 of 1065 exempts the surviving spouse of the testator from finding security.

                  3.   Bequest  I bequeath my entire estate to my said wife.

 

Signed by me at (place) on (date) in the presence of the undersigned witnesses all of us being present at the same time.

 

AS WITNESSES:

 

________________________

 

________________________                                          ________________________      
 (Signature of testator)

 

 

If the will consists of more than one page each page must be signed by the testator or someone signing on his behalf.  The last page must be signed at he end of the will, by the testator and the two witnesses:  Wills Act S   2  (1)  (a)  (iii)  and  (iv).

Butterworth Forms and Precedents

   Estates – Service Issue 1 1996