When an evening glows, it will be fine tomorrow.
     When a morning glows, it will rain today.

In Japan, the wind blows from the west (⇔westerlies), then the weather turns from the west to the east.
So when we see a glow, it is fine and there are no clouds in the west sky, then the next day it will be fine.
On the other hand, if there is much vapor in the sky, we can also see a glow.
This is the proverb by experiences.

When we see the halo, it will be rain.

A halo is one kind of Cirrus or Cirrocumulus, and they are around the low atmosphere pressure.
So, when we see the halo, the low atmosphere pressure is coming, then it will be rain.

When stars shine on and off, it will be windy.

When stars shine on and off, in the high sky atmospheric conditions are unsettled.
So the atmospheric conditions in the lower sky will be unsettled, then the wind will blow hard.

Morning rain needs no straw coat.

Because the air in summer has much water vapor, when the sun sets and the temperature goes down, water vapor become drops of water and clouds appear. And the next morning when the temperature goes up, clouds disappear. Morning rain usually soon stops.

There are weather proverbs that are used only a specified area.

There are also the weather proverbs to do with mountains. The weather around mountains shows the atmospheric condition exactly, so it is said that proverbs connected to it are usually correct. Clouds or smoke for example, that surround mountains, are used in these proverbs.

For example,

When Mt. Fuji wears the cap (cloud), it will be rain.

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