SUMMARY
Click on the names to hear how they are pronounced
Xia
AD 1038,Yuan Wu proclaimed himself emperor of the country of Big Xia. Yuan Wu was emperor Xia Jingdi. Yuan Wu looked to Song for recognition but Song refused to accept Xia and ordered to take away the Yuan's position as well as arrest him. From this period onwards, Song and Xia have always been in direct conflict. After three battles, Song army was defeated and thus refused to battle. Because of financial problems and political conflicts, Xia wasn't able to continue the stalemate and asked for peace. AD 1044, both signed a peace treaty and the conflict was essentially resolved.
Jin
The Dynasty of Jin was established by the ethnic group Nujin. 1115 Nujin's leader A Guda established the dynasty of Jin. Jin's national power increased very rapidly. After defeating the kingdom of Mai, it started its attack on Song.
As Nujin came towards the capital, there wasn't enough confidence to protect the city because of the corruption in the government. Nujin thus sacked the capital in 1127 and Northern Song ended.
Southern Song
In the same year, the king of Kang proclaimed himself emperor and started the Dynasty of Southern Song.
During this period, the Jins occupied most of China's northern territory and often arrested innocent people as slaves or sold at the market. Their actions increased the problems between the two ethnic grouops. The anti-jin movement was especially popular. During the anti-Jin war, Yue Fei's Song army was able to defeat the Jin army numerous times and achieved many battle accomplishments. His soldiers were known for their bravery. But the group of people wanting to surrender, headed by emperor Song Gaozong and the prime minister, was afraid that that after Yue Fei wins the battle against the Jin, he would become a figure obstructing to their rule. So they asked the Jins for a peace treaty and ordered Yue Fei to return.1141, Song Gaozong took away the power of Yue Fei and imprisoned him. The beginning of the 2nd year, Song Gaozong sentenced him with a false crime and murdered Yue Fei. Yue Fei later became a well-known hero.
1141, Southern Song signed a peace treaty with Jin.
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