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Chapter 4.7 The idea of vaporization by Stephen Hawking

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Before 1970, scientists thought that black hole will have its weight increased by taking objects in. But in 1976 a British scientist Stephen Hawking pointed out that the mass of a black hole is inversely proportional to its temperature. Then a black hole will vaporize.

Stephen Hawking only applied the theory of particles at black holes. This theory assumed that vacuum doesn't mean that there is no objects. In fact there are two particles of light appear and disappear at every time. Because energy can not be kept constant in the condition of vacuum, therefore there are two particles of light split and disappear. In this phenomena, the smaller the time interval, the stronger the vibration, and light particles will be produced. They will also disappear as they collide together.

But the result may not be the same if light particles appear near a black hole. Since particles near a black hole will have a stronger tidal force, they will be pulled into the black hole easily. The light particles should disappear when they collide. But in this case, one of the particles will be pulled into a black hole, and the other one will travel to a distance. And this can really explain that black hole can emitted light.

Although black hole is very small, it can twist the space. And the stronger the tidal force, the more the light particles that are being emitted. Then the shorter the wavelength, the greater the energy level. Therefore, the smaller the mass of a black hole, the higher the temperature. So a black hole will lose its mass by emitting light particles outside. This is called the vaporization of black hole. When the mass decreases, temperature will raise too. This makes the vaporization become more drastically.

According the theory of particles, vacuum doesn't mean that there is no objects. There are still light particles appear and disappear. One of the light particles will contain positive charge and the other will contain negative charge. When a black hole absorbs particles with negative charges, they will decrease the mass of the black hole. Therefore, black hole will vaporize.

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