Isaac Newton (1642~1727)

Galileo Galilei
(1564~1642)

Chapter 1.1 : The Three principles

Black Hole has a marvelous gravity. Therefore, gravity is the key point to research a black hole. In 17 century, a British scientist Isaac Newton thought that the mass of an object is directly proportional to a pulling force. And it is the Gravitational Force. This is called the Gravity.

When an object is near to another object, the gravity of the former to the latter is indirectly proportional to the square of distance. When the distance is reduced to half, the gravity is four times as much; when the distance is reduced to one-tenth, the gravity increases to 100 times; when the distance reduced one-tenth more, the gravity will be increased as 100000 times. When distance decreases again and again, the gravity will increase infinitely.

There was another person that we need to research. He was an Italian scientist and astronomer Galileo Galilei. Galileo Galilei made two balls with identical volume but one with iron and the other one was made up of wood and threw them from the top of the Tower Pisa. Since the iron ball has a higher density, the gravity should be greater than the wooden ball too. But the result was that they stroke the ground with the same time. This is call the Principle of Equivalence. And this is a very important characteristics of Gravity.

We should know that, the speed of light will be dragged down when it is affected by the Gravity. When a box and the objects inside fall, they should obey the principles of Equivalence, and a human inside should follow the law too. If a person inside shoots a light beam out of the box in the direction opposite the gravity, the person inside the box will have detected that the speed of light is 300000000km per second, but the person outside the box will have detected that the speed is slower because Black Hole can twist spaces.

So far Isaac Newton had already known that gravity can affect the speed of light, but he could not solve the problem between the fourth space and the light. Until the German American physicist Albert Einstein(1879~1955) solved it by proposing the law of relativity.

Black Hole is made by the theory of Gravity by Isaac Newton, Principles of Equivalence by Galileo Galili and the General Relativity by Albert Einstein. It was not until 1960 that astrophysics grew suddenly. Therefore, Black Hole is the product.