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Empire,
Mesopotamia
- Akkadian Empire
and Ur 3rd
- Old Babylonian
Period
- Think & Quest
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| Akkadian
Empire and Ur 3rd ( 2350-2004
B.C ) |
Sargon, the founder of the Akkadian Empire, was
once a cupbearer for the king of Kish. He later
established the City of Agade and laid claim to
the throne. Soon he united the entire Akkadian
area. In the middle of 24th Century B.C, Sargon
went south and defeated the king of Uruk
Lugalzagesi, establishing hegemony over all the
city-states in Sumer.[ Akkadian ]
The Akkadian, a
Semitic people, adopted the Sumerians' cuneiform
as their writing system, and eventually developed
a written language of their own. Their spoken
language was widely used from the Persian Gulf to
the east of the Middle East. In 2000 B.C, through
all religious texts continued to use the Sumerian
language, the Akkadian language commonly used in
daily life by the people in southern Mesopotamia.
In 2000 B.C, the Akkadian language was divided
into the Assyrian dialect in the north and the
Babylonian ( Old ) in the south. The Akkadian
dialect in the north and the Babylonian ( Old
Babylonian ) in the south. The Akkadian dialect
was an international language at that time.
[ Guti
and Gudea ]
The Gutians came
from the mountains to the northeast of the
Akkaidan Empire.The Guitans invaded the Akkaidan
Empire,and destroyed many cities in Akkad and
some in Summer.But the Gutians never truly
consolidated their power .There are numerous
inscriptiosns showing that they still had
opponents ,such as Gudea.
[ The
Third Dynasty of Ur ] ( 2,112-2,004 B.C )
With the help of
other supports in Summer, Utuhegal, the ruler of
Uruk, drove out the Gutians.Urnammu ( 2,112-2,095
B.C. ), the ruler of Ur, then defeated Utuhegal
and established the Ur-III dynasty. Summer and
Akkad united again.
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| Old Babylonian Period
( 2,000-1,600 B.C. ) |
[ Isin-Larsa Period ] ( 2,004-1,595 B.C )The Elamites, who had
invaded the area, retreated to the border of
Iran.In the 21st Century B.C., another Semitic
group from Syria called the Amorities entered
Mesopotamia and founded many small kingdoms; Isin
( 2,107-1,794 B.C. ) and Larsa ( 2,205-1,763 B.C.
) were the most powerful ones. But in northern
Mesopotamia, there were other kingdoms, such as
Mari, Assur and Eshnunna. The Amorites absorbed
the culture of the Sumerians and Akkadians, and
used the Akkadians' cuneiform writing system.
[
Hammurabi and Babylon ] ( 1,894-1595 B.C )
Babylon was
located in the middle of the Euphrates Basin.
When the Amorites established Sumuabum nearby,
the city of Babylon was unknown. It was not until
Hammurabi became the king of Babylon and reunited
Mesopotamia that the city of Babylon became
historically important.
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| Think & Quest |
- What could an big
empire bring to a group looking for
survival?
Could it be found
in any other cultures?
- What do you think
about the value of the existence of a
country?
What can a country bring to us?
- What is difference
and change of the method of ruling
between past and present?
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