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Test Questions 4

1. A gene is
a. the same thing as a chromosome.
b. the information for making a polypeptide.
c. made of RNA.
d. made by a ribosome.
e. made of protein.

2. The information carried by a DNA molecule is in
a. its amino acid sequence.
b. the sugars and phosphates forming its backbone.
c. the order of the nucleotides in the molecule.
d. the total number of nucleotides it contains.
e. the RNA units that make up the molecule.

3. When RNA is being made, the RNA base ____ always pairs with the base _____ in DNA.
a. U . . . T
b. T . . . G
c. U . . . A
d. A . . . U
e. T . . . A

4. Imagine an error occurring during DNA replication in a cell, so that where there is supposed to be a T in one of the genes there is instead a G. What effect will this probably have on the cell?
a. Each of its kinds of protein will contain an incorrect amino acid.
b. An amino acid will be missing from each of its kinds of protein.
c. One of its kinds of protein might contain an incorrect amino acid.
d. An amino acid will be missing from one of its kinds of protein.
e. The amino acid sequence of one of its kinds of protein will be completely changed.

5. A particular ____ carry the information for making a particular polypeptide, but ____ can be used to make any polypeptide.
a. gene and ribosome . . . a tRNA and an mRNA
b. gene and mRNA . . . a ribosome and a tRNA
c. ribosome and mRNA . . . a gene and a tRNA
d. gene and tRNA . . . a ribosome and an mRNA
e. tRNA and ribosome . . . a gene and an mRNA

6. During the process of translation (polypeptide synthesis), ____ matches an mRNA codon with the proper amino acid.
a. a ribosome
b. DNA polymerase
c. ATP
d. transfer RNA
e. messenger RNA

7. Histones are
a. master genes that affect development.
b. groups of genes that respond to environmental changes.
c. proteins around which DNA is coiled.
d. portions of genes that are transcribed.
e. portions of genes that are eliminated by DNA splicing.

8. Your muscle and bone cells are different because
a. they contain different sets of genes.
b. they are differentiated.
c. they contain different operons.
d. different genes are switched on and off in each type of cell.
e. they contain different histones.

9. The genes that malfunction in cancer normally
a. control RNA transcription.
b. are responsible for sex determination.
c. code for enzymes that repair damaged DNA.
d. are not present in most body cells unless inserted by a virus.
e. regulate cell division.

10. All your cells contain proto-oncogenes, which can change into cancer-causing genes. Why do cells possess such potential time bombs?
a. Viruses infect cells with proto-oncogenes.
b. Proto-oncogenes are genetic junk and have no known function.
c. Proto-oncogenes are unavoidable environmental carcinogens.
d. Cells produce proto-oncogenes as a by-product of mitosis.
e. Proto-oncogenes are necessary for normal control of cell division.

11. Which of the following would be most likely to lead to cancer?
a. multiplication of a proto-oncogene and inactivation of a tumor-suppressor gene
b. hyperactivity of a proto-oncogene and activation of a tumor-suppressor gene
c. failure of a proto-oncogene to produce a protein and multiplication of a tumor-suppressor gene
d. the failure of both a proto-oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene to produce proteins
e. hyperactivity of both a proto-oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene

12. Breeding of plants and animals by humans is called
a. natural selection.
b. sexual recombination.
c. founder effect.
d. artificial selection.
e. neutral variation.

13. In evolutionary terms, an organism's fitness is measured by its
a. health.
b. contribution to the gene pool of the next generation.
c. mutation rate.
d. genetic variability.
e. stability in the face of environmental change.

14. Animals that possess homologous structures probably
a. are headed for extinction.
b. evolved from the same ancestor.
c. have increased genetic diversity.
d. by chance had similar mutations in the past.
e. are not related.

15. In a population of bears, which would be considered the fittest?
a. the biggest bear
b. the bear having the largest number of mutations
c. the bear that blends in with its environment the best
d. the strongest, fiercest bear
e. the bear that leaves the most descendants

16. Biologists have noticed that most human beings enjoy sex. How would they explain this in evolutionary terms?
a. If sex were not enjoyable, the human species would have died out.
b. Early humans who enjoyed sex most had the most babies.
c. Only body structures evolve, not behavior, so enjoyment cannot evolve.
d. This was due to a random mutation, so it did not affect evolution.
e. Biologists are baffled by the phenomenon of sex.

17. German shorthaired pointers, Scottish terriers, and beagles are capable of interbreeding and producing viable, fertile offspring. The diversity in morphologies seen in these breeds of dogs is the result of
a. natural selection.
b. sexual recombination during meiosis.
c. artificial selection.
d. mutation.
e. Any of the above could have produced these and the other currently recognized breeds of dogs.

18. Bacteria can adapt to changes in the environment by means of mutation alone because
a. they are so small in size.
b. their populations are very isolated from one another.
c. a bacterium is much more likely to mutate than a larger organism.
d. they multiply so rapidly.
e. their populations are so large.

19. Sexual recombination occurs when chromosomes are shuffled in _____ and fertilization.
a. mitosis
b. genetic drift
c. natural selection
d. mutation
e. meiosis

20. In a particular species of mammal black hair (B) is dominant to green hair (b) and red eyes (R) are dominant to white eyes (r). If a BbRr individual is mated with a bbrr individual the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring is 1 black-red : 1 black-white: 1 green-red : 1 green-white. However, when you mate these individuals you find that the phenotypic ratio of the offspring is 6 black-red : 1 black-white : 1 green-red : 6 green-white. What could account for this difference?
a. Green-haired individuals have a higher prenatal mortality than black-haired individuals.
b. The genes for hair color and the genes for eye color are carried on different chromosomes.
c. The expected results did not take genetic recombination into account.
d. The genes for both of these traits are carried on the autosomes.
e. The genes for hair color and eye color are linked.
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› Test Questions 3
› Test Questions 4

 
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