Irish Mythology


Abhean - He is the harper of the Tuatha de Danann.

Achall - Irish myths claim that when Achall's brother died in battle, she died of grief.

Achtan - She is a heroine of Irish legend, and she is the mother of Cormac, who was a king.

Aengus - He is also known as Aengus the young. He is the son of the Dagda and Boann. He was young and handsome, and had four birds constantly flying around his head. These birds inspired love in those who heard them, for Aengus was the god of love. He was once troubled by a maiden's dream and fell in love with her. His mother could not find the maiden after searching Ireland for a year. His father tried, but still had not found her after another year. Finally, Bov the Red, Dagda's aide, found the maiden after another year. Aengus went to the lake of the Dragon's Mouth, where he saw 150 maidens, all chained into pairs with gold. He immediately knew which maiden's dreams he had seen. Her name was Caer, daughter of Ethal and Anubal. When all maidens were changed to swans in November, he had to identify his love as a swan. If he did this, he could wed her. He found her and transformed himself into a swan. They flew off together, and their song made all who heard sleep for three whole days. They had a son, called Diarmuid Ua Duibhne, meaning Diarmuid of the Love Spot. While hunting, Diarmuid met a maiden who made a love spot appear on his head. All women who looked at the spot instantly fell in love with Diarmuid. Aengus is also known as Oengus.

Aes Sidhe - This is the name for all the old Irish gods who lived in the hills. The literal meaning of the name is "the people of the hills."

Aeval - She was a fairy queen. She held court at midnight in order to determine whether or not men were meeting their wife's sexual needs according to the wives.

Ai - He is an Irish god of poets.

Aibell - She is an Irish fairy goddess.

Aillen - According to Irish myth, Aillen is an evil beast who dwells in the Otherworld.

Aimend - She is a sun-goddess.

Ain - She and her sister were the authours of the Brehon Laws. These were ancient laws designed to protect the rights of Irish women.

Aine - She was the daughter of Eogabail, who was one of the many foster-sons of Manannan mac Lir. Aine is a goddess of love and fertility, and was later a fairy queen in the Irish county of Limerick.

Airitech - He is a creature of the Irish Otherworld. His three daughters were transformed into werewolves, but they were slain by the warrior Cas Corach.

Anann - She is a form of Danu, the mother-goddess of the Tuatha de Danann. She is a goddess of plenty. Her dark side, like the Morrigan, forms a battle triad with Badb and Macha. This means she was probably a mixture of Danu and Morrigan.

Anu - She is a goddess of fertility, and thought of as a mother of gods. There are two hilltops in Ireland, near Killarny, called the "two breasts of Anu." This goddess is sometimes confused with Danu, perhaps because of the similar name, and the fact that she is also a mother of gods.

Badb - She is the goddess of war, and often appears as a raven or crow. When in bird disguise, she is known as Badb Catha, which means "battle raven." She used her magic to confuse warriors during battle to sway its outcome. Many call the battle-field "land of Badb." Along with Morrigan and Macha, she forms a trio of war-goddesses.

Balor - He was the king of the giant Fomorians, and the Irish god of death. He had only one eye which killed anything it looked at instantly, therefore he kept it closed. A prophecy stated that Balor would be killed by his grandson, so he locked his daughter Ethlinn in a tower of crystal so she couldn't get pregnant. Cian was able to enter the tower, however, with help from Birog, a druidess. He slept with Ethlinn, who gave birth to a son. Balor, hearing of this, cast the boy in the ocean. The boy was saved by Birog and given to Manannan mac Lir, the sea god. The boy, raised by Manannan, was named Lugh Lamhfada. In the battle between Fomorians and the Tuatha de Danann, Balor killed the king, Nuada by glancing at him. When he opened his eye to kill Lugh, however, it was ripped out by Lugh's sling. Balor died instantly.

Banba - She is the wife of king MacCuill, and the goddess who represents the Irish spirit. She was apparently the first settler in Ireland. Along with Fodla and Eriu, she is one of the daughters of Fiachna, one of the original three goddesses who dwelt in Ireland before the coming of the Gaels. Banba is a poetic name for Ireland. At first, it is thought that Banba was considered a goddess of war and fertility.

Beag - Beag was an Irish goddess who possessed a magical well.

Bebhionn - She is a goddess of the underworld. She is also considered to be the patroness of pleasure.

Bile - He is the god of light and healing, and is known as "shining one." The word "bile" means "sacred tree" in Gaelic. He is apparently the son father of The Dagda by Danu. He is the patron of sheep and cattle, and honoured at Beltane. He is the equivalent of Beli, Belisama, and Belenus.

Boann - "She of the white cattle." She is a goddess of bounty and fertility, and her totem is the sacred white cow. She is the goddess of the River Boyne. She is the wife of Nechtan and mother of the love god Aengus by Dagda. Boann and Dagda made the sun stand still for nine months in order for Aengus to be conceived and born on the same day. This enabled them to hide their relationship from Nechtan.

Bodb - She was the goddess of battle. After the battles of Mag Tuireadh, in which the Tuatha de Danann defeated the Fomorians, Bodb predicted that the Tuatha de Danann would also fall, much like the Fomorians. The Irish gods were indeed defeated by the Milesians and sent to live in the underworld.

Bronach - Bronach is the Irish goddess in charge of cliffs.

Breg - Breg is a goddess and also the wife of The Dagda. Bres - He is a god of fertility and agriculture. His father is the Fomorian prince Elatha, and his mother is the goddess Eriu. When Nuada lost his hand and could no longer rule the Tuatha de Danann, Bres was named his replacement and wed Brigid. Bres imposed incredibly high taxation and made the gods work as slaves. Bres fled quickly when Nuada gained a new silver hand, and came back to rule. Bres rallied the Fomorians to battle, but they were vanquished, Bres captured. In exchange for teaching the gods about agriculture and making Ireland fertile, Bres was allowed to live..

Brigid - Brigid is known under many names, and is a triple goddess. She is the daughter of The Dagda and the wife of Bres. She is the Fire of Inspiration and the patroness of poetry. She is the Fire of the Hearth and patroness of fertility and healing. She is the Fire of the Forge and the patroness of martial arts and smithcraft. She is the mother of craftsmen. The Lady of the Lake of Arthurian myth, who forged Excalibur, is associated with Brigid because of her fire and forgery. Like the Avalon, "Isle of Apples", of Arthurian legend, Brigid owned an apple orchard in the Otherworld, where bees went to collect magical nectar. Brigid means "one who exaults herself". She was Christianized as the foster-mother of Jesus and called St. Brigit. The festival of Imbolc is associated with her, when she brings Spring to the world. Because of her natural aspects, she is often considered the patroness of the Druids. In Eastern France, Brigid is known as Brigindo. In Scotland, she is known as Bride.

Caer - The love god Aengus fell in love with this maiden, who was then turned into a swan. Aengus also turned into a swan and flew off with Caer.

Cailleach - Cailleach is worshipped in parts of Ireland and Scotland. In Scotland, she is known as the "Mother of All." She is portrayed as an old hag with a mouth of bear teeth and possessing the tusks of a boar. Also called Scotia, she is thought to be a powerful sorceress. Another of her names is Skadi. Traditionally, the first farmer who harvests his grain must make a corn-dolly from it, and pass it to the farmer who finishes next. The dolly is passed down until it reaches the last farmer to harvest his grain, who must watch over the old hag, Cailleach, for the winter.

Cailleachbeara - She was a goddess represented as an elderly hag. She turned to stone on the holiday of Beltane and was reborn on Samhain, half a year later. This cycle continued every year.

Canola - She is the inventor of the harp. She was walking at night and heard beautiful music, which lulled her to sleep. Upon awakening, she identified the source of the sound. Wind had been blowing through the sinews on a whale's skeleton, producing the wonderful music. She built a harp, inspired by the night's music.

Carman - Carman was the goddess of evil magic. She was a powerful and destructive witch. Her sons were Dub, which means "darkness," Dother, which means "evil," and Dian, which means "violence." These three sons aided Carman in bringing destruction to Ireland. The Irish gods, the Tuatha de Danann, battle Carman's family fiercely. It was a sorceress named Bechuille who was finally able to bring an end to Carman's destructions. The three sons were killed, Carman restrained with chains. She died of grief at her own predicament.

Cessair - Cessair was a skilled magician. She became the very first queen of Ireland, and had a band of female followers.

Cethlion - Cethlion was a prophetess to the Fomorians. She warned them beforehand of their defeat against the Tuatha de Danann.

Cliodhna - She is the Irish goddess of beauty. In the Carraig Cliodhna area of Cork County, she is considered a fairy queen.

Conall Cernach - He is a mighty warrior from Irish legends. His name means "strong and victorious."

Conchobar - He was the king of Ulster. After Deirdre, whom he planned to marry, slept with Noisi, one of his nephews, Conchobar murdered Noisi and his brothers. Deirdre died soon after from her grief.

Conn - He was a semi-legendary Irish king from the 2nd century. He is also known as the "hero of the hundred fights."

Corb - He is an Irish god and a Fomorian.

Cormac mac Airt - He is one of the most famous kings of ancient Ireland, and it is thought that he was possibly an actual historical king. He was the son of Art, who was the son of Conn. He ruled Ireland for 40 years. He was known for making true, wise, and generous judgements. A gold cup was given to him by Manannan Mac Lir, the sea god. If three lies were spoken, the cup would break into three pieces. Three true statements could restore it to one piece. Cormac made use of this cup in telling truths from falsehoods. The cup disappeared when Cormac died.

Creidhne - He was a god of metal working. He is one part of the Irish triad of craft gods, along with Goibniu and Luchta.

Crom Cruach - The name means "bloody crescent" or "bloody bent one." It is also called Cromm Crûac, Cenn Crûaic, or rig-iodal h-Eireann. Crom Cruach is a large idol, made completely of gold, which stood on the plain of Mag Sleact, which is in Cavan County in Ulster, Ireland. Twelve smaller idols, these of stone, formed a ring around the Crom Cruach. The golden idol represented a god, though we do not know which one. On the holiday of Samhain, the Irish were said to sacrifice one third of their newborns to him, in order to insure good weather, good yields of milk and corn, and the fertility of their cattle and crops. The Irish feared this god greatly, and it was dangerous to worship him, as many died in the process. The stone idols that surround him indicate that he was surely a fertility god, and perhaps even a solar deity. St. Patrick, who is the patron saint of Ireland, destroyed the idol and sent it back into the earth. He instructed the people to not burn their cows or children.

Cu Chulainn - He was born as Setanta, but after killing Culann's watchdog, he vowed to replace it. Thus, he became Cu Chalainn, meaning Hound of Culann. Many mortal and godly women are said to be his mother, though we don't know which one is. Lugh is said to be his father, but this is probably more spiritual than biological. His human father is Sualtam. He was the leader of the Red Branch, a somewhat chivalrous order of Fianna warriors. He is now worshipped as a god, though he was a mortal. His image is a small sun. He was killed in battle after failing to recognize Morrigan, the battle goddess. She forced him to break one of his geasa and caused his death. Two of his geasa stated that he always had to eat food being prepared at a roadside, and that he could not eat dog meat. The last one is probably because of his name, making eating meat of a dog similar to cannibalism for him. Morrigan appeared as a hag and prepared dog meat as he passed her on the road. He had no choice but to break one of his geasa, and ate the meat. He had many loves thoughout his life, including Fand and Emer.

Cu Roi - Cu Roi was a great sorceror, specialized in transforming himself into many other entities.

Dagda - He is the ruler over life and death, and the god of earth and treaties. He is often called "the" Dagda, which means "the good god". Dagda is a skilled warrior, artisan, and wizard. He is the son of Danu and father of Brigid and Aengus. Morrigan, or "the" Morrigan, is his wife. Dagda possesses not only great strength, but also great appetite. He owns a cauldron with a never-ending food supply, and a harp to summon the seasons. His humongous club has two ends, one which could kill many men, and one which could bring them back to life. He also had fruit-trees which never ran out and two swine. One always roasting, and one always growing. He is also called Ollathir, "All-father". His Welsh counterpart is Gwydion, and his Gallic is Sucellos.

Danu - Danu is the earth goddess, and founder of the Tuatha de Dannan. She is the mother of many Irish deities, including Dagda, Dian Cecht, Ogma, Lir, Lugh, among others. Don is her Welsh counterpart.

Dechtere - Dechtere is the mother of the hero Cu Chulainn. There are many theories as to how Cu Chulainn was born, but the two main ones are as follows. First, Dechtere was drinking wine when she accidentally swallowed a fly. She was impregnated by this event and gave birth to Cu Chulainn. The second theory states that the god Lugh impregnated Dechtere with his soul. She then vomited Cu Chulainn.

Deirdre - She is a legendary heroine, recognized for her immense beauty. Conchobar, the king of Ulster, raised her, planning to marry her. She fell in love with Noisi, the king's nephew, and the two young lovers went to Scotland to escape her father. Both of Noisi's brothers went with them. When they were successfully convinced to return to England by the king's envoys, they were murdered by Conchobar upon their return. Deirdre subsequently died of grief.

Dia Griene - She is the daughter of the sun. A folktale tells of her being captive in the Land of the Big Women. She is rescued by Cailleach, who is in the form of a fox, and by a young man named Brian.

Dian Cecht - Son of Danu. He is the god of healing and a physician. He created a silver hand for his brother Nuada after he had lost his real one in battle. Dian Cecht blessed a special well, in which the members of the Tuatha de Danann bathed when wounded. The well cured all their ills. His son was Miach, and he killed him out of jealousy. Miach had replaced the silver hand with the actual hand of Nuada. Dian Cecht refuted the others' claims of his jealousy, and instead said that the replacement had been done in a disrespectful manner, and thus Miach had been killed. Lugh is said to be the grandson of Dian Checht. When Midir lost his vision in one eye, it was Dian Cecht who cured it and restored his sight.

Emer - he was extremely beautiful and intelligent. She therefore demanded many heroic feats of Cu Chulainn before letting him sleep with her.

Eriu - She is the personification of Ireland. She is a Fomorian and mother of Bres. From her name is derived the name Ireland, for her name can also be Eyre, Eire, or Eiriu. She was one of the three goddesses who dwelt in Ireland before the Gaels arrived, along with Banba and Fodla.

Etain - Etain is an Irish sun goddess.

Ethne - She is an ancient Irish goddess. She lived solely off of the milk of a sacred cow that came from India.

Fand - Fand is a faery queen, once married to Manannan, the sea god. When he left her, she was attacked by three Fomorians. She called upon Cu Chulainn for aid. He agreed to help her out, but only if she would marry him. She was reluctant but agreed, yet when she met him, she fell in love. Manannan knew that if the relationship between a god and a mortal continued, it would eventually destroy the god. He used his magical mantle to erase the memory of Fand from Cu Chulainn's mind, and vice versa. She was known as "Pearl of Beauty," and was a minor sea goddess. She lived in the otherworld. Along with Liban, her sister, she was a goddess of health and earthly pleasures. Ferdiad - Queen Maeve made this legendary hero fight his closest friend, Cu Chulainn. The battle raged for three whole days, at the end of which Ferdiad was slain, much to his friend's sorrow.

Fergus - He is an Irish king, and one of the lovers of Queen Medb. His name means "virility," and he is also known under other names, such as "the great horse."

Fergus mac Roich - This man left the court of Conchobar after Conchobar murdered his own nephews. He was also the tutor of Cu Chulainn.

Finn mac Cumhail - He was a hero and leader of the Fianna. Cumhail, his father, was killed in battle by Goll Mac Morna, leader of a rival clan, before Finn's birth. His mother then sent him to live with a female warrior named Fiachel, and a druidess named Bodbal. Raised deep inside the mountains of Ireland by the two women, Finn came into adulthood a skilled warrior, ready to avenge his father's death. All of the kings he served, however, cast him out when they learned of his heritage, all fearing an assault from Mac Morna. He met an old poet while wandering through England, and lived with him for approximately seven years. Near the end of this period, he was instructed to go and catch the Salmon of Knowledge, cook it, and bring it back to the poet. He burst a blister on the cooking salmon and gained its wisdom. He was now ready to challenge Goll Mac Morna. Morna's forces were overwhelmed by the 150 Fianna gathered by Finn, and Finn himself slew Goll Mac Morna. Fin Mac Cumhail as known as a man of great wisdom having mastered both magic and poetry.

Fionnuala - She is the daughter of Lir, and was changed into a swan. She was doomed to wander over lakes and rivers until Christianity made its way to Ireland.

Firbolg - These were the early inhabitants, or perhaps gods, or Ireland. They conquered Ireland by defeating the Fomorians, after two other races had failed. Their name means 'Men of the Bags.'

Fodla - She is one of the three ancient goddesses who ruled over Ireland before the arrival of the Gaelic peoples, also known as the daughters of Fiachna. She was married to king MacCecht, and had the privilege of naming Ireland along with Eriu and Banba.

Fomorians - These are demonic giants who occupied Ireland at one time. They withstood invasions by both the Partholons and the Nemeds, only to fall to the Firbolgs. The Firbolgs subdued them and they lived in peace together. Eventually, the Tuatha de Danann arrived in Ireland and eliminated the Firbolgs. The Fomorians, however, were allowed to keep the province of Connacht. The Fomorian king is Balor. Some others are Bres, Eriu, and Tethra. These giants are sometimes associated in myth with natural powers that hinder mankind, such as winter, fog, and storms.

Goibniu - He is a smith god, and son of Danu. He makes swords that always hit the mark. Along with Creidhne and Luchta, he manufactures weapons for the Tuatha de Danann. He makes the best mead, which also bestows eternal life upon the drinker. His Welsh equivalent is Govannon.

Lia Fail - The Lia Fail is a stone brought to Ireland by the Tuatha de Danann. It is also called the Stone of Destiny. The stone would cry out in joy when the feet of a rightful king were set upon it. It later became the Stone of Scone which was used to crown kings at Scone, in Scotland. In 1296, Edward the First took the stone to Westminster Abbey in London, where he placed it under his chair. Lia Fail is also known as the Tanist Stone and Jacob's Stone.

Lir - He is the Irish god of the sea, and equivalent of the Welsh Llyr.

Luchta - He is one of the triad of craft gods, formed with Goibniu and Creidhne. He is an artificer, wright, and mechanic.

Lugh - Son of Danu, he is the lord of every skill. He was worshipped, along with the nature goddess Lugnasadh in Ireland. In Gaelic, he was called Lamfhada, "of the long arm", because he posses a long spear and sling. He is related to the raven and the lynx.

Macha - She is one of the three aspects of the Morrigan, who is the triple goddess of war. Macha eats the head of killed enemies. She is also known as Nemain.

Mag Mell / Ti na n-Og - "Plain of Joy." This is a paradise where the dead live. It is thought of as an island, or a place on the bottom of the sea, so it is different from other realms of the dead. Some believe that Tethra, king of the Fomorians, rules over it, while others think Manannan mac Lir rules there. Mag Mell is also known as Tir na n-Og, or "land of youth."

Mag Tuireadh - In Irish mythology, this is where the Fomorians fought the Tuatha de Danann in two battles. The Fomorians were driven away in the first battle and completely demolished in the second.

Manannan mac Lir - He forecasts the weather, being the god of the sea and fertility. His name means "Manannan Son of the Sea," and he is the son of Lir. He is married to Fand and is foster-father of many gods, like Lugh. He guards the Blessed Isles, and rules Mag Mell. He has a ship without sails that obeys his commands, a helmet of flames, a cloak which renders him invisible, and a sword which cannot be turned from its mark. He rides over the sea in a chariot. He is also called Barinthus, and his Welsh equivalent is Manawydan.

Midir - Midir is the ruler of the Irish underworld. He is the son of Danu. He was once hit by a twig of hazel and lost his eye. Dian Cecht, the healer god, gave him back his vision.

Milesians - These are the inhabitants of Miletus. The name has also been given to the ancient Irish, however, for Milesius, a king of Spain, had two sons who conquered Ireland. These sons repopulated the country after expelling the Tuatha de Danann. Thus, the Milesians are the descendants of Milesius.

Mog Ruith - He is a god of the sun and rides the sky in a chariot of bronze. He sometimes flies as a bird would instead. He has only one eye. The 'ruith' part of his name is probably taken from the Irish word "roth," which means "wheel." This could be the wheel on his chariot, or the fact that the wheel represents the sun.

Morrigan - Often called The Morrigan, she is the goddess of fertility, battle, and strife. Her name can mean either "Great Queen" or "Phantom Queen." She can appear as a single goddess, or as part of a trio of goddesses. The trio is formed with Badb and Macha. Morrigan often appears as a hooded crow. She is said to choose who will die in coming battles. She does not make someone die by attacking, but rather renders the person helpless during battle, usually through magic. She appeared to the hero Cu Chulainn four times, but each time he failed to recognize her. First she came and offered him her love, but he turned her away. She then appeared to him as an old hag. On his way to battle, Cu saw a woman washing clothes. She was the Washer of the Ford, one of the aspects of Morrigan. She said she was washing the clothes and arms of Cu Chulainn, who would soon die. He was later forced to eat dog meat by three hags, or Morrigan in her triple form. Eating the meat was breaking a geas for Cu Chulainn, and he died in the coming battle. A raven, Morrigan, settled on his shoulder after his death.

Murigen - She is a minor goddess of lakes, and probably a form of Morrigan.

Nuada - Also called Nudd or Ludd, his name means "Silver Hand". He is the son of Danu. He is the god of healing, writing, poetry, sorcery, magic, the Sun, childbirth, beauty, youth, ocean, dogs, weapons, and warfare, Sometimes compared to the Roman god Neptune. Nuada had an invincible sword. When he lost his hand in battle, he had to abdicate his throne as king to be replaced by Bres. His brother, Dian Cecht, the great god of healing, made a hand of silver for him. It was too late, however, as Bres had already become a tyrant king. When the Tuatha de Danann exiled Bres, Nuada resumed his position as king. Balor later killed Nuada.

Ogma - This is the god of eloquence and learning. He is the son of Danu and Dagda. He is also the inventor of Ogham, the writing of ancient Ireland. During the battle with the Fomorians, he stole their king's sword, but paid with his life. His Gallic counterpart is Ogmios.

Shannon - She is the goddess of her namesake, the Shannon River.

Smallfolk - The small folk are an Irish myth. They are fairies. These small folk dwell in their gardens, splendid spots filled with greenery. These beautiful little creatures live a life of constant joy in among their favourite flowers. They are harmless and never interfere with man, unless man meddles with them. They hold festive fairs together. These creatures supposedly do a lot of good just for the sake of it, especially when they discover a case of oppressed poverty.

Tailtiu - She is an Irish earth goddess, and was a part of Lugh's upbringing. She raised him until he was old enough be armed.

Tethra - Tethra was sea god, god of the otherworld, and king of the Fomorians. After being killed in the first battle of Mag Tuireadh, he went to Mag Mell to rule there.

Tuatha de Danann - (People of the goddess Danu) This is the tribe of Irish deities, founded by Danu. Originating from the 'islands in the west', the gods traveled on a cloud to Ireland, which they then settled. Their use of magic had reached a level of perfection. Upon arriving in Ireland, they defeated the Firbolg. They later conquered the Fomorians as well. Rather than demolishing the Fomorians, as they did the Firbolg, they bestowed upon the the province of Connacht. When the Milesians came to Ireland, they drove the Irish gods into the underworld. They apparently still dwell there, now as invisible beings. They will sometimes aid mortals, armed with pure white shields, and lances made of blue flame.