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		"Everything that can be invented has been invented." -Charles H. Duell, Commissioner, U.S. Office of Patents, 1899

		Poll What type of CPU do you currently have in your computer? AMD Athlon AMD Duron Inel Pentium III Intel Pentium 4 Intel Celeron Other AMD Athlon: 1655 43.0% Intel Pentium III: 917 23.8% Intel Pentium 4: 807 21.0% Intel Celeron: 181 4.71% AMD Duron: 172 4.47% Other: 110 2.86%

Internet Material (Ordered by Last Access Date)

1.	Dan Mempham. Rendering Overview, http://www.hardwareanalysis.com/content/article/1291.3/. Last 2. Accessed: August 29, 2001
2.	Marshall Brain. How CDs Work, http://www.howstuffworks.com/cd.htm. Last Accessed: August 29, 2001
3.	Karim Nice. How DVDs and DVD Players Work, http://www.howstuffworks.com/dvd.htm. Last Accessed: August 28, 2001
4.	Gary Brown. How Floppy Disk Drives Work, http://www.howstuffworks.com/floppy-disk-drive.htm. Last Accessed: August 28, 2001
5.	Bert McComas. Bandwidth vs. Latency - A Progress Report, http://www6.tomshardware.com/mainboard/98q3/980710/dram-02.html. Last Accessed: August 24, 2001
6.	Thomas Pabst. DDR-SDRAM Has Finally Arrived, http://www6.tomshardware.com/mainboard/00q4/001030/. Last Accessed: August 24, 2001
7.	Marshall Brain. How Microprocessors Work, http://www.howstuffworks.com/microprocessor.htm. Last Accessed: August 24, 2001
8.	David Risely. SDRAM, http://www.pcmech.com/show/memory/154/. Last Accessed: August 24, 2001
9.	Matthew Witheiler. STMicrolectronics Kyro II 64MB, http://www.anandtech.com/video/showdoc.html?i=1435&p=1. Last Accessed: August 21, 2001
10.	Dan Mempham. Immediate Mode Rendering, The Industry Standard, http://www.hardwareanalysis.com/content/article/1291.3/. Last Accessed: August 21, 2001
11.	Marshall Brain. How Boolean Logic Works, http://www.howstuffworks.com/boolean4.htm. Last Accessed: August 20, 2001
12.	Jeff Tyson. How Computer Monitors Work, http://www.howstuffworks.com/monitor.htm. Last Accessed: August 20, 2001
13.	Bert McComas. CPUs Need Latency - Caches Want Bandwidth, http://www6.tomshardware.com/mainboard/98q3/980710/dram-01.html. Last Accessed: August 20, 2001
14.	David Risely. A CPU History, http://www.pcmech.com/show/processors/35/. Last Accessed: August 19, 2001
15.	Scott. 3D Prophet 4500 64MB, http://www.maximum3d.com/reviews/kyro21.htm. Last Accessed: August 19, 2001
16.	Van Smith. Tile-Based Rendering, http://www6.tomshardware.com/graphic/00q4/001129/kyro-03.html. Last Accessed: August 19, 2001
17.	Thomas Pabst. DDR-SDRAM Specs, http://www6.tomshardware.com/mainboard/00q4/001030/athlon-02.html. Last Accessed: August 18, 2001
18.	Matthew Witheiler. Immediate Mode Rendering, http://www.anandtech.com/video/showdoc.html?i=1435&p=2. Last Accessed: August 17, 2001
19.	Quantum. Monitor Testing Methodology, http://www.maximum3d.com/reviews/monitortest1.htm. Last Accessed: August 17, 2001
20.	Silvino Orozco. Performance Impact of Low Latency DRAM, http://www6.tomshardware.com/mainboard/98q3/980729/. Last Accessed: August 17, 2001
21.	Bert McComas. Memory Bus Saturation, http://www6.tomshardware.com/mainboard/98q3/980729/dram-01.html. Last Accessed: August 16, 2001
22.	Kristof Beets. PVRSG Tile Based Rendering, http://www.ping.be/powervr/PVRSGRendMain.htm. Last Accessed: August 13, 2001
23.	Test: Erste Kyro-II-Grafikkarte, http://www.tecchannel.de/hardware/676/2.html. Last Accessed: August 11, 2001
24.	TCMHC. Computer History, http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/index.page. Last Accessed: August 10, 2001
25.	Thomas Pabst. DDR-SDRAM Benchmark Results, http://www6.tomshardware.com/mainboard/00q4/001030/athlon-13.html. Last Accessed: August 9, 2001
26.	Dan Mempham. The 3rd Dimension, Bringing Worlds to Life, http://www.hardwareanalysis.com/content/article/1291.2/. Last Accessed: August 9, 2001
27.	Bert McComas. Performance Impact of Rambus, http://www6.tomshardware.com/mainboard/98q3/980814/index.html. Last Accessed: August 8, 2001
28.	Jeff Tyson. How RAM Works, http://www.howstuffworks.com/ram3.htm. Last Accessed: August 7, 2001
29.	Digital Century. Computers: History and Development, http://www.digitalcentury.com/encyclo/update/comp_hd.html. Last Accessed: August 6, 2001
30.	Ken Pollson. Chronology of Personal Computers, http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/comphist/. Last Accessed: August 6, 2001
31.	Matthew Witheiler. The Card, http://www.anandtech.com/video/showdoc.html?i=1435&p=7. Last Accessed: August 5, 2001
32.	Cyberstreet. Chronology of Computer History: 3000 BC to the Present, http://www.cyberstreet.com/hcs/museum/chron.htm. Last Accessed: August 4, 2001
33.	Obsoleve Computer Museum. http://www.obsoletecomputermuseum.org/. Last Accessed: August 3, 2001
34.	Bert McComas. How can I get fast latency DRAM, http://www6.tomshardware.com/mainboard/98q3/980710/dram-03.html. Last Accessed: August 3, 2001
35.	Quantum. Testing Methods, http://www.maximum3d.com/reviews/monitortest2.htm. Last Accessed: August 3, 2001
36.	Matthew Witheiler. The Kyro 2 Chip, http://www.anandtech.com/video/showdoc.html?i=1435&p=4. Last Accessed: August 2, 2001
37.	i-MB. The History of Computers, http://www.bozdoc.f2s.com/history.htm. Last Accessed: August 1, 2001
38.	Chris Stratford. The Home Computer Hall of Fame, http://www.gondolin.org.uk/hchof/machinelist.html. Last Accessed: August 1, 2001
39.	David Risely. Accelerated Graphics Port, http://www.pcmech.com/show/video/9/. Last Accessed: July 30, 2001
40.	Computer Museum of America. http://www.computer-museum.org. Last Accessed: July 30, 2001
41.	Jeff Tyson. How Computer Memory Works, http://www.howstuffworks.com/computer-memory3.htm. Last Accessed: July 30, 2001
42.	Jason Patterson. The History of Computers During My lifetime, http://www.pattosoft.com.au/jason/Articles/HistoryOfComputers/index.html. Last Accessed: July 29, 2001
43.	Great Microprocessors of the Past and Present. http://www3.sk.sympatico.ca/jbayko/cpu.html. Last Accessed: July 29, 2001
44.	Brent Justice. Kyro II: Alternative Technology, http://www.hardocp.com/reviews/vidcards/hercules/3dprophet4500/. Last Accessed: July 28, 2001
45.	Brandon Bell. STMicroelectronics Kyro II Guide, http://firingsquad.gamers.com/hardware/kyro2/default.asp. Last Accessed: July 25, 2001
46.	Gary Brown and Jeff Tyson. How Graphic Cards Work, http://www.howstuffworks.com/graphics-card4.htm. Last Accessed: July 24, 2001
47.	Trevor Gehman. Hercules 3D Prophet 4500 64MB, http://www.hardwarepub.com/reviews/prophet4500/. Last Accessed: July 22, 2001
48.	Bert McComas. Is Rambus Faster than SDRAM?, http://www6.tomshardware.com/mainboard/98q3/980814/rambus-01.html. Last Accessed: July 21, 2001
49.	Marshall Brain. How Hard Disks Work, http://www.howstuffworks.com/hard-disk.htm. Last Accessed: July 17, 2001
50.	Fredi Gros. How Hard Drives Work, http://www6.tomshardware.com/storage/97q3/970728/index.html. Last Accessed: July 16, 2001
51.	Martin Sargent. How Hard Drives Work. http://www.techtv.com/screensavers/answerstips/story/0,23008,9165,00.html. Last Accessed: July 16, 2001
52.	How Hard Drives Work. http://www.simsmith5.fsnet.co.uk/Hardware/Drives_hard.htm. Last Accessed: July 16, 2001
53.	Jeff Tyson. How Liquid Crystal Displays Work, http://www.howstuffworks.com/lcd.htm. Last Accessed: July 14, 2001
54.	Bert McComas. DRAM Performance, http://www6.tomshardware.com/mainboard/98q3/980710/. Last Accessed: July 13, 2001
55.	David Risely. Hard Drives-internal Parts, http://www.pcmech.com/show/harddrive/65/. Last Accessed: July 12, 2001
56.	Jeffery Powel. DDR SDRAM, http://www.pcmech.com/show/memory/41/. Last Accessed: July 12, 2001
57.	John Rollins. Rambus DRAM, http://www.pcmech.com/show/memory/42/. Last Accessed: July 8, 2001
58.	David Risely. Memory Types, http://www.pcmech.com/show/memory/110/. Last Accessed: July 6, 2001
59.	Bert McComas. Performance Impact of Low Latency DRAM, http://www6.tomshardware.com/mainboard/98q3/980729/index.html. Last Accessed: July 3, 2001

Periodicals (Ordered by Publishing Date)

60.	Steers, Kirk. "Do-It-Yourself Dream Machines". PC World Magazine, September 2001, pp.75-78.
61.	No Author Given. "What Makes a Monitor Expensive?". PC World Magazine, September 2001, p.100.
62.	No Author Given. "GeForce3 Jumps Into Desktops". PC World Magazine, September 2001, p.158.
63.	Spector, Lincoln. "The PC at 20." PC World Magazine". PC World Magazine, August 2001, pp.133-137.
64.	Miastkowski, Stan. "Keep it Powered, Keep It Cool." PC World Magazine, August 2001, pp.192-193.
65.	Manes, Stephen. "A Little Respect for a 20-Year-Old." PC World Magazine, August 2001, p.210.
66.	Jantz, Richard. "Gigs on the Go". PC World Magazine, July 2001, p.163.
67.	Dahl, Eric. "Best 3D Graphics Yet: NVidia's GeForce3 Card Delivers". PC World Magazine, June 2001, p.45.
68.	Miastkowski, Stan. "Install a Bigger, Faster Hard Drive". PC World Magazine, June 2001, pp.194-195.
69.	Mainelli, Tom. "Memory Malaise: Rambus Lawsuits Could Raise RAM Prices". PC World Magazine, May 2001, p.60.
70.	Thorsberg, Frank. "Computing Through an Energy Crisis: How to Save Money and Power". PC World Magazine, April 2001, pp.53-54.
71.	Arar, Yardena. "Flat LCD Monitors". PC World Magazine, March 2001, pp.52-54.
72.	Miastkowski, Stan. "Livin' Large". PC World Magazine, March 2001, pp.106-110.
73.	Dahl, Eric. "3D Graphics Grand Prix". PC World Magazine, February 2001, pp.123-127.
74.	Arar, Yardena. "Pentium 4, Boom or Bust?". PC World Magazine, January 2001, pp.48-50.
75.	No Author Given. "Power Tipping". PC World Magazine, March 2000, p.180.
76.	Jones, Mitt. "They Got Game". PC World Magazine, February 2000, pp.153-157.
77.	McLaughlin, Lauriann. "Coming Attractions: The Processors of 2000". PC World Magazine, January 2000, p.62.
78.	Thorton, Carla. "Memory Matters". PC World Magazine, January 2000, p.216.
79.	Essex, David. "PCs Break the 700MHz Barrier". PC World Magazine, December 1999, pp.58-62.
80.	Li-Ron, Yael. "Computing Through the Ages". PC World Magazine, December 1999, pp.136-154.
81.	Arar, Yardena. "What's a Byer To Do: Memory for the PIII". PC World Magazine, November 1999, pp.58-60.
82.	Yegyzarian, Anush. "Heads Up, Power Users: Athlon Hits 650MHz". PC World Magazine, October 1999, pp.58-59.
83.	No Author Given. "Tech Trends: Processor Churn Creates Bargains". PC World Magazine, October 1999, p.224.

Books (Ordered by Publishind Date)

84.	Coombs, Clyde F. Jr. Electronic Instrument Handbook. New York. McGraw-Hill, 1999.
85.	Norton, Peter. Peter Norton's Computing Funamentals. New York. McGraw-Hill, 1996.
86.	Parsons, June Jamrich and Oja, Dan. Computer Concepts - Second Edition. Toronto. International Tomson Publishing Company, 1996.
87.	Peddie, Jon. Multimedia & Graphic Controllers. Toronto. McGraw-Hill, 1994.
88.	Veddeler, Hans-Georg and Schueller, Ulrich. Upgrading & Maintaining Your PC. Grand Rapids. Abacus, 1994.
89.	Maybury, Mark T. Intelligent Multimedia Interfaces. Marcelo Park. AAAI Press, 1993.
90.	Conlan, Roberta. Understanding Computers - Computer Basics. Alexandria. Time-Life Books Inc., 1991.
91.	Conlan, Roberta. Understanding Computers - Input / Output. Alexandria. Time-Life Books Inc., 1991.
92.	Aspray, William. Computing before Computers. Iowa. Iowns Stater Press, 1990.
93.	Ralstan, Anthony and Reilly. Edwin D. Encyclopedia of Computer Science. New York. Van Nostand Reinhold, 1990.
94.	Rider, John F. The Cathode Ray Tube at Work. New York. John F. Rider Publisher Inc., 1990.
95.	Camras, Marvin. Magnetic Recording Handbook. New York. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1988.
96.	Hendley, Tony. CD-ROM and Optical Publishing Systems. Westport. Meckler Publishing Corp., 1987.
97.	Blais, Phillip D. Electron-Beam, X-Ray and Ion Beam Lithographies. Santa Clara, 1987.
98.	Schwerim, Julie B. CD-ROM Standards: The Book. Pittsfield. Learned Information Ltd., 1986.
99.	Gates, William H. CD-ROM. Redmond. Microsoft Press, 1986.
100.	Bartee, Thomas C. Digital Computer Fundamentals. Toronto. McGraw-Hill, 1985.
101.	Cohill, S.J. Designing Microprocessor-based Digital Circutry. New Jersey, 1985.
102.	Emery, Ronald C. Digital Circuits. New York. Marcel Dekker Inc., 1985.
103.	Bitter, Garry. Computers in Today's World. Toronto, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1984.
104.	Coffion, James W. Getting Started with 8080, 8085,z80 and 6800 Microprocessing Systems. Englewood Cliffs. Prentice-Hall Inc., 1984.
105.	Hopper, Grace M. Understanding Computers Second Edition. New Youk, West Publishing Company, 1984.
106.	Kasper, Joseph E. & Feller, Steven A. Digital Integrated Circuits. New Jersey. Prentice-Hall, 1983.
107.	Sanders, Donald H. Computers Today. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1983.
108.	Cahill, S.J. Digital and Microprocessor Engineering. Toronto. Ellis Harwood Ltd., 1982.
109.	Giarratano, Joseph C. Fundamentations of CT. Indianapolis. Howard W Sams & Co., 1982.
110.	Coffron, James W. Practical Hardware Details. New Jersey. Bentice-Hall Inc., 1981.
111.	Bursky, Dave. Memory Systems-Design and Applications. New Jersey. Nyden Book Co. Inc., 1980.
112.	Gothmann, William H. Electronics. New Jersey. Prentice-Hall, 1980.
113.	Turned, Rufus P. LC Circuits. Indianapolis. Howard W. Sams & Co., 1980.
114.	Chirlian, Paul M. Understanding Computers. Portland. Drlithum Press, 1978.
115.	McGlynn, Daniel R. Microprocessors, Technology, Archtecture, and Applications. Toronto. John & Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1976.
116.	Hall, Douglas V. Microprocessors & Digital Systems. New York. McGraw-Hill Inc., 1975.
117.	Kallard, Thomas. LC Devices. New York. Optsonic Press, 1973.
118.	Poppelbaum, W.J. Computer Hardware Theory. NY, MacMillan, 1972.
119.	Synder, Geralds S. The Computer, How its Changing our Lives. Washington. US News & World Report. 1972.
120.	Hibberd, R.G. Intergrated Circuits. Toronto. McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1969.
121.	Hurley, Richard B. Transistor Logic Circuits. New York. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1961.
122.	Slurzberg, Morris. Essentials of Television. New York., McGraw-Hill, 1956.
123.	Watt, R.A. Watson. Applications of the Cathode Rays in Radio Research. London, His Majesty's Statienary Office, 1932.

Television Shows (Ordered by the TV Episode Number)

124.	"How 3D Graphics Work". Dave Chalk's Computer Show, Episode 98.
125.	"How Monitors Display Images". Dave Chalk's Computer Show, Episode 56.
126.	"Cache Memory". Dave Chalk's Computer Show, Episode 45.
127.	"The Advantages of LCD Monitors". Dave Chalk's Computer Show, Episode 32.
128.	"RAM vs. ROM". Dave Chalk's Computer Show, Episode 14.
129.	"The AGP Port". Dave Chalk's Computer Show, Episode 7.

Images

All of the images used on this site that have not been created by the Gates of Creation team have a Copyright from the companies/web sites which own the images. The images have been gathered only from the areas of the site in which the website's owners allow the images to be used for public purposes.

Keeping this in mind, The Gates of Creation team would like to thank these websites/companies for supplying us with digital photographs of the computer hardware.

www.intel.com
www.acer.com
www.maxtor.com
www.kingston.com
www.mushkin.com
www.sony.com
www.iiyama.com
www.viewsonic.com
www.nvidia.com
www.hercules.com
www.via.com

Gates of Creation // Refernces