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The basic philosophy of Hapkido can be summarized in the saying, "less is better." Students are taught to execute techniques with the least amount of force, even when facing a stronger opponent. Strength is not needed in order to use Hapkido effectively; emphasis is rather centered on inner strength. Since Hapkido is foremost a system of self-defense, students learn to apply pressure points and move in circular motion so that an attack is immediately and almost effortlessly diverted without seriously injuring the attacker.
As the art of harmonizing/coordinating power, Hapkido emphasizes the concept of balance. Three major principles can create this balance: circle (Won), water (Yu), and sum (Hwa).
Circle
(Won)
Circular motion forms the basis of balance. The body must move continuously
in order to create an uninterrupted flow of energy and power from one
technique/posture to the next and prevent the opponent from attacking;
most defeat is a result of lost balance. Circular motion also allows the
Hapkidoist to redirect the opponent's force and use it against him, therefore
never having to access his own strength.
Water
(Yu)
The principle of water follows that a person needs to be flexible, easily
and effortlessly adapting his movements according to the situation and
his opponent's attacks. Fighting against it will only result in wasted
energy.
Sum
(Hwa)
The water and circle principle need to be combined in order to achieve
balance and thus harmony, or Hwa. In nature, for example, there must be
day and night-not one or the other. Likewise, in Hapkido, the spirit,
body, and mind must be coordinated, and both the water and circle principle
must be used-one must deflect or redirect an attack (circle), but also
be flexible enough to work around the opponent's defense and counterattack
(water).
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