History and a strong personality are blended in this site.

Background
At the beginning of the 19th century, England was in a difficult position. Parts of the North American colonies had gained their independence from the crown. Spain was the undisputed ruler of the oceans and a strict enemy to England. English ships were often taken by the Spanish fleet and there was no defense against this. Europe had been conquered by Napoleon's French army and Britain was threatened by invasion. The British fleet was weak in number and suffered from uncreative leadership.

There was one British naval officer who was different - Sir Horatio Nelson! Admiral Nelson was an outstanding and strongly nonconformist personality, because he didn't follow the old and traditional ideas, but creatively made his own way. Most important of all, the way to success was "military disobedience." He usually did not follow orders that he found useless or not according to his own concept. He sometimes lost ships or battles due to his disobedience, but the important battles he won in this way. He also developed new tactics on his own such as the "Nelson touch" in the famous and important battle of Trafalgar. He was a popular and well-liked leader in contrast to the usual relationship between English military leaders and their men. He appealed to the pride and feelings of his sailors. His connection to his men, apart from winning the most important sea battle in modern British history, was one more aspect that made him a hero of the common people in England.

The Battle of Trafalgar was a turning point in world history. The English fleet led by Nelson performed a miracle and defeated the French-Spanish fleet, thus destroying the Spanish dominance of the world oceans. Now Britain "ruled the waves," as the famous anthem goes, and Britain curtailed the Spanish predominance of the oceans and the French dominance of the European continent. This victory opened the path to the construction of the British Empire, as no other European power could prevent Britain's imperialism.

Objectives
In history lessons often battles are used to show developments, but battles are just one final touch to a development that has been going on for usually quite a long time. Furthermore, battles are led by people and there is always the whole variety of human minds, ambitions, and enmities in the background. Often enough single strong personalities are able to open new eras and change the course of history. Nelson is a very good example of this, and students can learn history with this strong human element that makes history exciting.

Students can use the site to learn about the following areas: - an important turning point in European history
- the beginning of the English naval power and the British Empire
- the question can be discussed: Who was really Napoleon's strongest opponent? Who prevented Napoleon's ruling the entire world?
- students get to know one of the most fascinating positive personalities in modern British history
- they see that no matter what origin a person is, success depends most strongly on creativity, courage and hard work
- it gets clear: to be successful you must develop new concepts to improve old and out-dated systems and to create progress

Activities
A good start might be a research and debate session on the question of how battles are started and won. Who or what is responsible: Weapons? Soldiers? Leaders? Why do overwhelmingly strong armies sometimes lose?

Using the site's timeline, have the students create a mural of Nelson's accomplishments. Students may want to visit the artistic interpretation of his last battle.

Victory's Loss: An artist's interpretation
http://www.markchurms.com/vice-admiral-horatio-nelson-1805.html

2005 will be the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar. After reading about the battle and its hero, have students design ways that the anniversary could be commemorated. Students may want to view a sample of a souvenir that was made in the 1800s and issued again for the 100th anniversary.
Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson character jug
http://fox.nstn.ca/~macmilla/ebay2/p1439.html

Have students take the quiz to draw attention to some important historical points.

Additional Resources:

Topsail Group
A site for young people with an interest in Lord Nelson's life and times. View the Nelson's Medals and Decorations section
http://board.to/topsail

Lord Admiral HoratioNelson - England Expects
Profiles the English naval hero and Norfolk, the town that he grew up in. Read about his love life and the Battle of Trafalgar.
Location: http://www.ecn.co.uk/nelson

Life on Board.
http://broadside.napoleonicwars.com/

Virtual Tour of the Victory
http://www.stvincent.ac.uk/1797/Victory/index2.html

Nelson and His Navy
Information about letters,Victory crew, and family
http://www.anglia.co.uk/angmulti/nelson/

Maritime History
A section of essays about Nelson
http://www.cronab.demon.co.uk/marit.htm

Leaders in Battle: Lord Admiral Horatio Nelson
Description of video and area for review writing
http://www.cduniverse.com/productinfo.asp?PID=1884639

Links worked on 26th August

"The teacher's section of the site was developed from ideas suggested by team coaches, parents, and subject specialists."