Actions: R&D:
Applications: Water treatment technology
- Biological
treatment:
bacteria,
fungi, or algae as
agents to remove and
degrade the
hazardous
constituents.
- Boiler:
machinery that can
be used for
subjection to the
action of
physical,chemical
and biological agent
to hazardous waste.
Boilers use
controlled flame
combustion and
recover thermal
energy in the form
of steam or heated
gases.
- Carbon
adsorption:
activated carbon as
agent to seep and
suck up hazardous
waste constituents.
Flow of gaseous and
aqueous waste can be
treated by carbon
adsorption.
- Chemical
oxidation:
uses
strong oxidizing
agents (e.g.
hypochlorite,
peroxides,
persulfates,
percholorates,
permanganates, etc)
to decompose
hazardous waste
constituents to be
neutralize them into
harmless byproduct.
- Chemical
reduction: works
in the opposite of
chemical oxidation
where it uses strong
reducing agents
(e.g. sulfur
dioxide, alkali
salts, sulfides,
iron salts, etc) to
degrade hazardous
waste constituents
to be neutralize
into its safer form
- Deactivation:
is a process that
dispose the
hazardous waste
charactheristics by
neutralizing the
characteristics of
ignitability,
corrosivity, and/or
reactivity.
- Extraction:
is a process of
disposing hazardous
constituents from
either gaseous or
liquid waste streams
through the process
of settling,
filtration,
adsorption,
absorption,
solvents, or other
means. Although the
extracted hazardous
constituents are
disposed from the
waste stream, they
usually must be
further neutralize
to its safe form
- Incineration:
is the high
temperature
combustion (rapid
oxidation) of a
waste, usually at
1600 to 2500 degrees
F. It is also known
as controlled-flame
combustion or
calcination and is a
technology that
completely destroy
the organic
constituents in
waste materials.
- Industrial
Furnace:
hazardous waste
treatment device
that uses heat
energy to obtain
energy and
materials. It
includes cement
kilns, lime kilns,
aggregate kilns,
phosphate kilns,
coke ovens, blast
furnaces, smelting
furnaces, etc.
- Microencapsulation:
is a process that
cover the surface of
the waste material
with a thin layer of
plastic or resin to
avoid the material
from dispersing
through leakage of
hazardous waste
constituents.
- Neutralization:
is a process that is
used to treat
corrosive hazardous
waste streams.It has
a buffer effect
againts acidic and
basic waste. Low pH
acidic corrosive
waste streams are
usually neutralized
by containing bases.
High pH corrosive
waste streams are
usually neutralized
by adding acids.
- Physical
removal:
is a
process that
disposes the
hazardous
constituents from
waste streams by
sorting and
separation
techniques such as
ion exchange,
adsorption, reverse
osmosis, chelation,
solvent extraction,
crystallization,
precipitation,
distillation,
filtration,
evaporation, etc.
The removed
hazardous
constituents may
require further
neutralization to
its safer form
- Smelting:
is a technology that
uses high
temperature heating
to obtain metals
from waste streams
(e.g. lead, zinc).
- Stabilization:
is a process that
decrease the
movement
of the
hazardous
constituents of a
waste or that makes
the waste easier to
treat. The most
common stabilization
agents added to
waste streams are
Portland cement,
lime, fly ash, and
cement kiln dust.
- Steam
stripping:
is a
treatment technology
that is usually used
to dispose off
organic compounds
from liquid waste
streams. The process
involves
straightforward
application of
stream to the liquid
and subsequent
condensation of the
extracted organic
compounds. Stream
stripping not only
removes hazardous
constituents from
the waste stream but
it also can have the
added benefit of a
safer and harmless
waste byproduct.
- Treatment
in tanks:
mechanical settling,
gravity settling,
chemical oxidation,
and neutralization
are examples of
hazardous waste
treatment
technologies that
are allowed to take
place in tanks by
RCRA. Heat treatment
in tanks is not
generally allowed by
RCRA unless the
facility gets a
permission on
disposal or
combustion permit.
- Vitrification:
is a process that
uses high
temperatures to
dissolve hazardous
waste into molten
glass. Subsequent
cooling of molten
glass material
produce in solid
blocks of material
which are resistant
to leakages of
hazardous
constituents.
- Wastewater
treatment units:
are tanks that are
part of a wastewater
treatment facility
that are used to
treat or store
hazardous wastewater
or wastewater
sludge.
- Waste
to Energy
Incineration: is
a technology that is
usually correlates
with municipal waste
combustion where the
waste is burned at a
high temperature.
Heat energy is
obtained from the
combustion process
and is usually used
to generate steam
and or electricity.
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©2001, Team C0111040, ThinkQuest.
