| Major
pollutants |
Methods
of pollution |
| Motor
vehicle exhaust |
-
combustion
of fuel led to the production of oxides of lead , nitrogen and sulphur
-
particulates
release will cause haze and smog resulting in the poor vision in the
area
-
oxides
of lead , nitrogen and sulphur
dissolves in water vapor and altering its pH and causing it more
acidic
|
| Heat
and power generation facilities |
|
| Industrial
processes |
-
production
of thick black smoke emitted without a proper filtering system lead to
an increase of carbon dioxide emission
-
emission
of CFCs (chlorofluorocarbon) in atmosphere will through a free radical
reaction altering the structure of the ozone molecule (O3)
by breaking the bond to produce free radicals. CFCs can be found in
refrigerant products like refrigerator, aerosol spray
- production
of nitric acid ( HNO3 ) through Ostwald process involves a
series of combustion
|
| Auto
Manufacturing |
-
emits
about 1180 tons of organics; 54
tons of NOx (oxides of nitrogen); 730
pounds of SO2; and 7 tons of carbon monoxide (CO)
-
increase
production of vehicles has led to
the increase of usage organic products,
and heavy metals
|
| Fertilizers
Plants |
-
emission
of corrosive byproducts like sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
by Contact process and hydrochloric acid (HCl) , which increase the
acidity of water vapor in the atmosphere
-
over
production of ammonia (NH3) for fertilizer production,
which are not contained in a proper manner may increase alkalinity of
atmosphere
|
| Building
demolition |
-
crumbling
rubble and debris which floats
and settles in the atmosphere, causing haze and smog (i.e. benzene,
asbestos, beryllium, inorganic arsenic)
|
| Solid
waste disposal |
-
accumulation
of waste leads to production of strong odor and humidity, right
conditions for pests (houseflies) and bacteria
growths which further aggravates the odor in the area
-
radioactive
and hazardous waste not disposed in enclose area will cause the
release of radioactive vapors or substances into atmosphere
|
| Solvent
evaporation |
-
vaporization
of complex organic solvents which are non biodegradable (i.e.
nonmethane organic compounds: ethane, ethylene, aldehydes,
ketones)
-
production
of strong unpleasant odor (i.e.
lubricants, paints)
-
organic
vapors reacting with chemical compounds in atmosphere which acts as
insulator earth, thereby producing greenhouse effects (i.e. methane,
carbon dioxide)
|
| Volcanic
eruption |
-
toxic
and poisonous gases of SO2 , NO2 and
PbS2 spewed out
-
heat
produce during eruptions will increase the temperature of atmosphere,
altering the rate of chemical reactions occurring
|
| Fuel
production |
-
fractional
distillation of crude oil to produce
kerosene, gasoline and refinery gas by the cracking process (pyrolisis)
involves the use of high heat energy at 450°C splitting larger alkane
molecules into smaller alkane and alkene molecules which are more
easily vaporized and are therefore more useful fuels
-
fuel
extraction, processing, refining
and distribution add an additional 14% of carbon dioxide emissions (CO2)
-
30%
of hydrocarbon emissions are released
through evaporation, which occurs from both fuel tanks and gasoline
tanks
|
| Roadway
construction |
-
manufacture
of construction equipment comparable to the degree of pollution of
auto manufacturing
-
asphalt
fumes which are bothersome and toxic, which involves the release of
both particulate benzene (C6H6) – soluble
organics and individual aromatic hydrocarbons
|
| Electrical
components manufacturing |
-
process
of making semiconductors involves the usage of hazardous heavy metal (i.e.
arsenic and lead )
-
emission
of toxic byproducts into river and
atmosphere (i.e. sulphates, nitrates
and sulphides)
|
| Extraction
of metals |
-
extractions
of pure metal involves the heating of coke (carbon ); (i.e. iron and
silicon) produce carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide
-
extractions
of Group 1 and 2 metals (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium)
through electrolysis involves the usage of graphite (carbon) and
mercury as the electrode
|
| Forest
fires |
- release
of particulates into atmosphere causing smog and haze results in the
poor vision of sight in the area
|
| Agriculture |
|