Construction of thick earthen cover (Uranium Mill Tailings) 

• protection by rock to avoid leeching/seepage into groundwater over waste
• efficiently control radon emission and gamma radiation
• balance and stabilize piles of rock covers to avoid dispersion of tailings through erosion or intrusion which can be transferred to safer location

Monitored Retrievable Storage (MRS) facility

• receive and store spent fuel from commercial power reactors for subsequent shipment to a repository when it becomes operational
• for Transuranic Radioactive (TRU) waste, easy retrieval to await disposal at a repository (USA – Washington, Idaho, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Tennessee, South Carolina, Ohio, Illinois)

Treatment

Incinerator (solid waste):

• combustion of waste decrease the volume of waste accumulation

• remains of ashes are coordinated in its management to prevent detrimental and catastrophic effects to environment

• emission of byproduct must be within the regulated requirements

Disposal

Mined Geologic Repositories:

• disposal facilities for spent fuel and high level radioactive waste

• evaluation and criteria for suitable repositories sites

• geologic, hydrologic and geochemical conditions

• information needed to design a package for the disposal of radioactive waste

• design of the repository facility

• matching the requirements of NRC and EPA protection

Landfilling (municipal and radioactive waste):

• waste management structure where waste is placed into the land

• consists of liner system and leachate collection systems to avoid contamination of groundwater under landfill, which required corrective action if leakages appeared

• impermeable cover is lay over landfill when the site cease operation to prevent rainwater from entering

Injection Wells:

• use in disposal of liquid waste deep underground

• injected under high pressure thousands of feet underground

• coordinate in its design and operation to avoid leaking of waste to underground confinement waste

• consist of 5 classes of injection control classes:

  • Class I Wells - application of modern technology to hazardous and non-hazardous waste in the lowest underground source of drinking water. Injection occurs at deep isolated rock formations that are distinguished from the lowest USDW by layers of impermeable rocks and clays

  • Class II Wells - oil and gas production brine disposal and related wells. Fluids associated with oil and natural gas production use as agents for injection. Brine is produced due to extraction of oil and gas from earth

  • Class III Wells - use of injection agents of super heated steam, water or other fluids in formation for extractions of minerals, where it's pumped to the surface and minerals in solutions is extracted. Fluid is treated and re-injected into the same formation

  • Class IV Wells - injection of hazardous or radioactive waste into or above underground sources of drinking water

  • Class V Wells - not included in other classes as they are sophisticated and technologically advanced wastewater disposal systems used by industry, but most are "low-tech" wells, such as septic systems and cesspools. It is shallow and depends upon gravity in irrigation, drainage or ‘injection’ of liquid waste into the ground above or into underground sources of drinking water.