| Land Pollution
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Air
Sparging
- decrease
the level of
volatile
constituents in
petroleum
products that
are absorbed to
soil and
dissolved into
groundwater,
which involves
the injection of
contaminant
free-air into
subsurface
saturated zone,
enabling a
transition from
a dissolved
state to a vapor
phase
- in
combination with
soil vapor
extraction (SVE)
which creates a
negative
pressure through
a series of
extraction wells
to control the
vapor plume
migration
- effective
in decreasing
levels of
volatile organic
compounds (VOC)
which can either
use vertical or
horizontal
sparge wells,
depend on:
- vapor/dissolved
phase
partitioning
of the
constituents
determines
the
equilibrium
distribution
of a
constituent
between the
dissolved
phase and
the vapor
phase
- permeability
of soil
determines
rate of air
injection
into the
saturated
zone
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Low
Temperature Thermal Desorption
- ex
situ technology
which uses heat
to split
petroleum
hydrocarbon from
excavated soils through
physical
methods
- effective
in decreasing
levels of
petroleum
products like
gasoline, jet
fuels, kerosene,
diesel fuel,
heating oils and
lubricating oils
- mechanism
criterion:
contaminated
soils are
excavated and
transferred to
stationary
facilities;
mobile units
operate
immediately on
site
- treatment
modes:
- rotary
dryers
- asphalt
plant
aggregate
dryer
- thermal
screw
- conveyor
furnace
Soil
Vapor Extraction (SVE)
- in
situ technology
in reducing the
level
of volatile
constituents in
petroleum
products
absorbed to soil
in
the unsaturated
(vadose) zone in
which
vacuum are
introduced to wells near the
source of
pollution,
where
the evaporated vapors
are drawn
to the
extraction well
to be treated by
carbon
absorption
before
being
released to
atmosphere
- effective
in use of
volatile organic
compounds (VOC)
& certain
semi
volatile
organic
compounds (SVOC)
- efficiency
of SVE is
determined by:
- permeability
of soil
- soil
structure
and
stratification
- soil
moisture
- depth
to
groundwater
Soil
Washing
- elimination
of hazardous
waste and
decrease the
concentration to
a minimum, which
split the
contaminated
fine soil (silt
and clay) from
the coarse soil
(sand and
gravel)
- upon
completion,
majority of fine
silt and clay
particles are
further treated
by
bioremediation,
incineration or
disposed
- effective
with low
presence of silt
and clay,
metals,
gasoline,
pesticide and
fuel soils, with
combinations of
other treatment
technology
- important
treatment mode
is the soil
scrubbing unit
Composting
- Erosion
control, turf remediation
and landscaping
- enhance
plant growth
- enhance
soil compaction
- control
disease and pest
infestation at plants
- decrease
rate of soil erosion and
nutrient run off
- Composting
of soils and contaminated by
explosives
-
contaminated
soil is
excavated, mixed
with feed stocks
and composted,
thus producing
contaminant free
humus to improve
landscaping and
horticulture
applications
- Reforestation,
wetlands restoration and
habitat revitalization
-
provide
tree seedlings
added rigor for
survival and
growth
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Noise Pollution
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