Learning itself is built upon the ability to remember. Without memory, you could not remember what someone had just tried to teach you or acquire knew knowledge.

Learning can be split into two categories: Nonassociative learning and associative learning. Nonassociative learning involves a single stimulus whereas associative learning involves relations between events, for example, between two or more stimuli, between a stimulus and a response, or between a response and its consequence. The following chart details the types of nonassociative and associative learning.

Type of Learning		Examples
Nonassociative Learning	Habituation – a decrease in a response elicited by a stimulus as a result of repeated stimulation.	A sudden loud noise that initially startles a mouse is repeated until the mouse becomes accustomed to the noise and is no longer startled by it.
	Sensitization – an increase in response elicited by a stimulus as a result of (usually strong) stimulation.	Frequent earthquakes in California often cause the residents to become sensitive to weak environmental vibrations or noises.  Even household noises unrelated to earthquakes can cause these people to become startled.
Associative Learning	Classical conditioning (Pavlovian conditioning) – a process in which a response to an initially neutral stimulus occurs when it is repeatedly presented in relation with another stimulus that elicits a response.	Dogs salivate when they sense the presence of food.  By ringing a bell just before feeding, eventually the dogs begin to salivate whenever the bell rings, even if it is not accompanied by food.  (However, if the bell continues to ring without the food reward, habituation towards the bell will occur.)
	Instrumental conditioning (operant conditioning) – a process in which an association is formed between the organism’s behaviour and its consequence(s).	A mouse presses a lever to receive food pellets in its cage.