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DSM-IV Criteria, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th Edition
©1994, American Psychiatric
Association
299.00 Autistic Disorder
A. A total of six (or more) items from (1), (2), and (3), with at least two
from (1), and one each from (2) and (3):
(1) qualitative impairment in social interaction, as manifested by
at least two of the following:
(a) marked impairment in the use of multiple nonverbal behaviors,
such as eye-to- eye gaze, facial expression, body postures, and gestures to
regulate social interaction
(b) failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to developmental
level
(c) a lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment, interests, or achievements
with other people (e.g., by a lack of showing, bringing, or pointing out
objects of interest)
(d) lack of social or emotional reciprocity
(2) qualitative impairments in communication, as manifested by at least one
of the following:
(a) delay in, or total lack of, the development of spoken language
(not accompanied by an attempt to compensate through alternative modes of
communication such as gesture or mime)
(b) in individuals with adequate speech, marked impairment in the ability
to initiate or sustain a conversation with others
(c) stereotyped and repetitive use of language or idiosyncratic language
(d) lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe play or social imitative play
appropriate to developmental level
(3) restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests,
and activities as manifested by at least one of the following:
(a) encompassing preoccupation with one or more stereotyped and
restricted patterns of interest that is abnormal either in intensity or focus
(b) apparently inflexible adherence to specific, nonfunctional routines
or rituals
(c) stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms (e.g., hand or finger flapping
or twisting or complex whole-body movements)
(d) persistent precoccupation with parts of objects
B. Delays or abnormal functioning in at least one of the following areas, with
onset prior to age 3 years: (1) social interaction, (2) language as used in social
communication, or (3) symbolic or imaginative play.
C. The disturbance is not better accounted for by Rett's disorder or childhood
disintegrative disorder.
299.80 Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Not Otherwise Specified
This category should be used when there is a severe and pervasive impairment
in the development of reciprocal social interaction or verbal and nonverbal
communication skills, or when stereotyped behavior, interests, and activities
are present, but the criteria are not met for a specific pervasive developmental
disorder, schizophrenia, schizotypal personality disorder, or avoidant personality
disorder. For example, this category includes "atypical autism" --presentations
that do not meet the criteria for autistic disorder because of late age of onset,
atypical symptomatology, or subthreshold symptomatology, or all of these.
299.80 Asperger's Disorder
A. Qualitative impairment in social interaction, as manifested by at least
two of the following:
(1) marked impairment in the use of multiple nonverbal behaviors,
such as eye-to-eye gaze, facial expression, body postures, and gestures to regulate
social interaction
(2) failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to developmental level
(3) a lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment, interests, or achievements
with other people (e.g., by a lack of showing, bringing, or pointing out objects
of interest to other people)
(4) lack of social or emotional reciprocity
B. Restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and
activities, as manifested by at least one of the following:
(1) encompassing preoccupation with one or more stereotyped and restricted
patterns of interest that is abnormal either in intensity or focus
(2) apparently inflexible adherence to specific, nonfunctional routines
or rituals
(3) stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms (e.g., hand or finger flapping
or twisting, or complex whole-body movements)
(4) persistent preoccupation with parts of objects
C. The disturbance causes clinically significant impairment in social, occupational,
or other important areas of functioning.
D. There is no clinically significant general delay in language (e.g., single
words used by age 2 years, communicative phrases used by age 3 years).
E. There is no clinically significant delay in cognitive development or in
the development of age-appropriate self-help skills, adaptive behavior (other
than in social interaction), and curiosity about the environment in childhood.
F. Criteria are not met for another specific pervasive developmental disorder
or schizophrenia.
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