Integration of Standard Functions

 

 

 

Contents

 

Integration

  

Indefinite Integrals

 

Algebraic Functions

 

Exponential Functions

 

Logarithmic Functions

 

Trigonometric Functions

 

Inverse Trigonometric

 

Algebraic Fractions

    

Quiz

  

Calculus Main Page

Logarithmic Functions

 
 
The integrand is a rational function, yet the end-product of integration is a logarithmic function. 
 
Why the modulus sign? This is because the values of x can be positive or negative (there are no restrictions), but the x in ln x cannot be negative (property of logarithms). Hence the modulus sign to ensure that the logarithm is defined.
 
Example: Integrate the following with respect to x,
          (a) 
          (b) 
 
Solution:
 
(a)
          
 
(b)
         
Rewrite such that the integral is in the form f'(x)/f(x).