Partial Fractions

 

 

Contents

 

Partial Fractions

 

Distinct Linear Factors

 

Repeated Linear Factors

 

Quadratic Factors

 

Improper Fractions

 

Quiz

 

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Repeated Linear Factors
 
 
What if one of the linear factors in the denominator is repeated, ie.
   Solution: 
 
To express in partial fractions,
 
      
 
  Do note that
    is not expressed as either of these:
                      or  
 
    A and C can be found using "cover-up" rule,
 
                   A = [ 6 (-1)2 - 21 (-1) + 9] / (-1 - 2)2
                       = 4
 
                    C = [ 6 (2) - 21 (2) + 9] / (2 + 1)
                       = -3
 
   However, B cannot be found using cover-up rule. Algebraic identities are used instead.
 
  6x2 - 21x + 9 = 4 (x - 2)2 + B (x + 1) (x - 2) - 3 (x + 1)
          
             when x = 0,
                    4 (-2)2 - 2B - 3 = 9
                                       B = 2
 
  Therefore,
            
 
 
Express in partial fractions:
                      .
 
  Let
        
 
  4 + 5x - x2 = A (x + 1)2 + B (x + 1) (x - 1) + C (x - 1)
 
 To find A, let x = 1,
               4 + 5 - 1 = A (2)2
                               A = 2
 
 To find C, let x = -1,
         4 + 5 (-1) - 1 = -2C
                          C = 1
 
 To find B, let x = 0.
                2 - B - 1 = 4
                          B = -3
 
 Therefore,
            
 
 Note that cover-up rule can be used to find A and C.