Pendulum Motion
Penduluim Motion

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Close-up: Pendulum
No one realized how imnportant Galileo's discovery of the pendulum was.  The pendulum is amazing because it swings back and forth at the same rate, no matter how long or short its arc has become.  Eventually, it stops, but until then, it is completely reliable and very useful in devices like clocks.  You can experiment with the dynamics of the pendulum in the hands-on section of this site.