Breakbeat
came to its stylic formation Great Britain, and the major cities,
where it was originally mostly widespread were London and Bristol. Most
likely the rapid growth of its popularity was caused by the fact that people
had got quite tired of house -- beat by that time. The popularity was also
influenced by the usage of funk grooves and hip-hop breakbeat.
The major criterion for identifying breakbeat are clear, practically not
arranged drums and percussion (except only compression) and standards rhythm
4/4. Solo players more often beat the 2nd and 4th parts. There may also
be several additional beats. In simple words, the rhythmic base of
breakbeat is built on shifting of the part (syncopation) of some percussion
instruments or the whole part of rhythm. Syncopation more often takes
place on the third part. The first time, this method was introduced by
James Brown's drummers. It is necessary to admit, that breakbeat
is only common classification of all music which make use of the above
described rhythm structure (except hip-hop, which appeared before).
Further we shall regard the major styles of electronic music, which make
use of breakbeat base.
Trip-hop
from Bristol should be paid special attention to. The most well known
and bright representatives of the tendency are Massive Attack, Portishead
and Tricky. Officially Massive Attack is a founder of trip-hop (though
it may be not quite exact) THis happened in 1991. Slow rhythm, based
on hip-hop combined with elements of raggy-dub and interesting electronic
sounds. Each team from mentioned has got its favorite devices and peculiarities.
PORTISHEAD, for example, like to use samples from old movies in their music.
Besides they work particularly at the sound of the team to give it retro
colors. More abstract and tric Tricky crowns the trio.
In
some way Trip-hop reminds listening to techno. It was especially
siwid atthe beginning of 1994 when people started to call it dance music
for lazy-bones because of its slow (less then 120 BPM) tempo and inpossibility
to use it at discos. The major features of trip-hop are hop breakbeat rhythm
plus raggy bass.
People identify trip-hop the following way:-
break rhythm must be show
- these must be quite a lot of sounds of electronic
type in a composition
- trip-hop often sounds. Like record playing.
One
can mistake trip-hop only with hip-hop. That's why these won't be any difficulties
with the tendency.
The
main specific feature of "big beat" is peculiar sound created
with the help of studio technique. Besides, it becomes heavy to a considerable
extent (in comparion with trip hiphop). Heavy Hendrix's guitars,
howling alarms combined with with mightily, tough breakbeat are often used.
Big beat combines fank grooves from hip-hop, the power of rock and swing
methods of 'house'. You'd better dance to big beat are guys from "CHEMICAL
BROTHERS". It you hear bass very distinctly, which differs from 'techno'
and 'jungle' with bass beat on the first part, if you feel interrupted
syncopated throbbing rhythm, it is sure to be big beat. Throbbing rhythm,
it is sure to be big beat. The most famous representative of this style
is EBOMAN, PROPELLERHEADS, RHYTM ACE.
The
main specific feature of "big beat" is peculiar sound created
with the help of studio technique. Besides, it becomes heavy to a considerable
extent (in comparion with trip hiphop). Heavy Hendrix's guitars,
howling alarms combined with with mightily, tough breakbeat are often used.
Big beat combines fank grooves from hip-hop, the power of rock and swing
methods of 'house'. You'd better dance to big beat are guys from "CHEMICAL
BROTHERS". It you hear bass very distinctly, which differs from 'techno'
and 'jungle' with bass beat on the first part, if you feel interrupted
syncopated throbbing rhythm, it is sure to be big beat. Throbbing rhythm,
it is sure to be big beat. The most famous representative of this style
is EBOMAN, PROPELLERHEADS, RHYTM ACE.
This
category is a crazy, thrilling mixture of hip-hop, funk, noise and many
other things. The best example of it is "Storm the Studio"(MEAT BEAT MANIFESTO
debut work).
Once it was thought that breakbeat had originated from DJ's table, where
number of hip-hop vinyl were mixed at an increased speed, of cause one
can use this, technique to get brockenrhytm, but it is only a particular
case.
The
term 'techno' is used to describe many types of electronic music. According
to _?_ OOP Pop Encyclopedia, techno is an abstract type of 'house'. But
if 'house' grooves are usually mild and flowing, 'techno' grooves are tough
and rather violent, as a rule. Of course , these is intelligent techno
(mild and pleasant), but nobody says that all types of music can be stylistically
identified, Ideologically techno embodies mechanical beat and different
sounds (from apocalyptic alarms to sample dialogues from TV and syntezed
noises). Techno is style first appeared in Detroit in the early 80-s. Like
'house' techno characterizes even kick, which falls on every quarter, In
most cases techno is much quicker that 'house' (about 126-130 BPM), and
does not contain disco claps in beat, which are encouraged in 'house' rhythms.
Techno has got one great advantage: it gives freedom to creativity: one
can use different percussion sounds, 'white' noises of different modifications
as well disco sounds, which were popular in the late 70-s. If consider
the most tough realm of techno minimalism, then we should speak about typical
usage of arrhythmic sounds and fragments of beat, which help consciousness
to transform this arthythmic sounds into consistent structure of brain.
In
about 1986 an independent subculture was formed in Detroit, which gave
birth to futuristic and unusual music. DJs played their masterpiecesin
clubs, smith, quite different from what listeners got accustomed to (today
it sounds somewhat naive and traditional, but then it was really new).
Stylistically this music can be determined as a determined as a mixture
of American style 'p-funk' and European synthesized music (the brigest
representatives of this music are NEW ORDER and KRAFTWERK). The major
feature of Detroit techno is polyrhythm. But it differs from formal polyrhythm
(as, e.g., in African ritual percussion compositions). Detroit echno was
strongly syncopated music with often usage of triplets above the fourth
notes. It should be noticed that some features of disco and p-funk were
originally absorbed by techno and from a certain period of time because
its features. Wonderful saxophone and Tsumplet parts, as well as mild analogue
synthesizers (usually YAMAHA DX7) belong to them.
The time has named 3 heroes -- the founders of techno: Huan Atkins, Kevin
Sunderson and Derrik May. The last of them considered to be the poorest
and the most heroic. Huan Atkins is sill making music (now he is experimenting
with jungle rhythms), and the most popular Derrick May deals with populat
dance music, which borders on 'house'.
The rhythms of Detroit wave are fast 'het', 'bass beat'
of secular techno structure (though syncopated sometimes), and also slow
anarchic "solo".
Minimal-techno
is just a very simple rhythm and serval specific, sometimes synthesized
sounds. It is a type of techno with a small amount of different noises.
From the point of view ofliterary description minimal-techno does not evoke
much interest, as it can be done with the help of one sentence. But from
the pointof view of music this style is rather interesting and original
thanks to maximum simplicity of minimal. It can be compared with simplicity
of stringed quartet with respect to great symphony orchestra (but in spite
of this the production of quartets does not become less amazing). Listen
to techno-minimal more often and with the time you will understand the
real meaning of arythms and blank even beat ...
It
is a heavy, less abstract and more aggressive verism of techno with very
quick and even beat, abundance of industrial sounds, scaring shouts, yells,
gnashing and howling synthesized themes. It is very popular to use 'crashes'
as well as effect, like 'distortion' in hardcore grooves. The main features
of this style are quick timbre (from 170 till 400 BPM)
and tough bass beat, missed in a distortion.
It is worth saying that it was hardcore whose broken rhythms, typical for
jungle grooves were used the first time. Side by side with even beat one
can hear rether syncopated beats. Together with other styles, techno hardcore
has got its wn branches: happy hardcore, gabber and some others.
Gabber
-- the quickest and toughest variety of hardcore -- was inventedin Holland
in 1989. The number of beats per minute for this variety sometimes comes
till 400, though in general, this figure is about 200 BPM .Speed up, mixed
samples from radio programs for children and other amusing sound screeches,
which are thought to make music sound silly, are often used in gabber.
Happy
hardcore is a pop and most dancing variation of hardcore. It is often accompanied
by children's voices, sweet melodies, quick beat, which is softened by
different commercially respectable and fashionable synthesizers. the most
typical representatives of this tendency are SCOOTER, Charlie Lownoise
& Menthal Theo.
A new tendency was table 'Digital Hardcore' Recordings which was founded
in its Turn by Alect Empire. One wouldn't say that this music which is
made on this table is techno hardcore. The have got only one thing
in common: the abundance of dirty filthy sound, the usage of tough rhythms
and vocal achieved though distortion. The ideological base with guys from
DHR is more profound, and their music is more original. The most typical
reps of DHR table are SHIZUO, EC80R, ATARI TEENAGE RIOT, BOMBZO.
In conclusion it should be said that digital techno hardcore and guitar
hardcore are different things. With their specific methods of making and
structuring.
In middle 80-s a new style of dance music appeared in Chicago and New York.
It just appeared. Now, ten years later, it seems usual and ordinary, but
at that time it was really anew. This music was made to dance to,
and new electro-musucal instruments were used in it. It was underground
and attracted the mostultra-modern followers of music. Some recordings
of those times still sound interesting and modern; some others, on the
contrary, fell behid and remember them any longer.
The name of this amusing style originated from the name of the club "Warehouse",
where for the first time, DJs, who mixed music of KRAFTWERK with their
own rhythms, made on drum-machine, got identical sounds.
The structure of classical 'house' is rather simple: standard measure 4/4
and, not very quick tempo (about 120 BPM). 'Solo's clap comes with the
second or fourth quarter, and het (in the interval between bass beat) -
with the 16th part. 'House' grooves, as a rule, are filled with bright
and pleasant passages, major cords and simple, easily -- remembers melodies.
Disco and soul lie at the bottom of this style.
In Chicago house vocal unwisely used, as well as typical easily
recognized piano loops which is more important. Deep house ismore drawn
to soul music (like New York garage), and gospel - vocal adds plenty of
emotions to electronic rhythm and synthesized passages. The music of these
trends often has got the folowwing scheme: clap comes with the 2nd and
4th quarter, het - with the 8th notes, cord or expressive hens -- with
the piano, and swing or gospel vocal is added for emotions.
Acid
house is the second generation of 'house', raised by the atmosphere of
Chicago city. From other trends this one differs by an abundance of trip
synthesized sounds (typical for classical acid and produced by well known,
electronic instrument -- Roland TB303), as well as deeper psychedelic sounds.
Rather important factor in this trend is practically complete absence of
vocal.
These
branches were introduced in the early 90-s, when the wave of commercial
music overflow Europe. As well as in the 80-s disco was considered to be
typically club music, in the 90-s a new trend was given birth with the
only aim to make peolpe dance ( i.e. the same as to consume music).
In more simple words, the base remained the same (it was described at the
beginning of this narration), but all harsh melodic combinations were removed
became 'sweeter'; difficult syncopes for the listener's comprehesion
were also thrown away. As a result, simple and accessible music with simple
rhythm and arrangement was produced. Some variations of this music are
sometimes called 'hangdag' (the name originates from a kind of dance, which
was performed by little girls around their rucksacks).
The most interesting form of club houses mellow, which makes use of relaxing
beat and corresponding sounds.
Paris
and London -- two cities, which gave birth to new population of original
house music in 1997 . Both French house and speed house are, in general,
'house, itself (i.e. classical house sounds is present in this music),
though elements from other styles of modern electronic music are added
to them. The most typical rep of French house is a French team DAFT PUNK.
Its music combines elements of both house and techno.
Speed
garage is a combination of house rhythms and deep slow bass line. This
branch grew from garage, though its vocal is more electronic (processed
by vocoders another filters). Slow bass line is taken from raggy.
The influence of drum-and-bass structure is also noticeably.
Outside stylistics
There are some other branches of house. They are: tribal house (with latin
percussion and disco samples), progressive house (elements of stadium atmosphere,
vocals with echo, sounds of howling and applauding crowd.)
Trance
is a special ternd in electronic music. And it is not only some specific
music, but it is particular culture
The sources of this culture lie in the East, but the music itself is performed
practically all over the world. The most well known trance labels,
where this music is recorded, are located in Europe. Having recorded new
material, musicians from all over the world set off to place called GOA
(in India). Once a year party of trance musicians, where they present their
work, take place here. Well known producers from around the world also
come there. These parties help musicians to share ideas, find newfriends;
and producers look for 'fresh' faces and music, which might interest them.
Music, called trance, is of wide concept; that's why to make its understanding
easy it is divided into serval styles. To differ one trance style from
the other is not easy. To be able to do so you should have an excellent
hearing (an ability to divide trance compositions into separate grooves,
to determine their number, to follow melodious lines of this or that instrument
and so on); know different concepts dealing with electronic music,
like 'sample', 'BPM', 'analogue'. Besides, one must know quite a
number of instruments ( to identify while listening), which are used by
these or those musicians.
The
term 'Goa Trance' means a particular style of music which
is played in the region of India, called 'Goa'. This style of music
is made by Europeans and people from other countries, who are inspired
by the culture of this region. Some eastern post colonial countries are
under the influence of Europe (India is one of them);
the same concerns South America and insular countries. It is one
of the reasons why many people consider Yoa-style trance approximately
the same style of music as "psyche trance". Psyche trance mostly originates
from Great Britain, but there are many fans, musicians and DJs in the other
part of Europe, in Israel, Japan, North America (just few) and other countries.
Listening things happen ... The Israelis and the Palestinians come
together to parties and dance "enemy" in front on each other and don't
want to fight any longer. It is a kind of an image of peace on Earth!
The first thing which attracts your attention in psychedelic trance is
a powerful specific drum instead of 808 and samples, that are foten used
and samples, that are often used and do not have the same type of 'beat'
with 909 (you won't find it in house or hard trance). Much more attention
is paid to sounds than rhythm in psychedelic trance; you will find the
same in Detroit style techno and percussive hard trance (hard trance with
mostly percussion instruments). Another thing that differs psyche
trance trance from other forms of trance style is leading, crazy, analogue
synthesized sounds. This style 'trance' is more concentration strange,
analogue sounds, laid on each other to form constantly changing combination
of synthesized sounds in such a way as to make sounds of aliens.
Psychedelic trance is not so 'bass-heavy', as some other forms of techno
and house styles. Just on the opposite, the grooves are often even to identify
medium and higher frequencies of the sound spectrum; then the sound
becomes lower and lower for super bass pulsation. It makes the sound of
music very "light". You may even imagine flying to it. "Light" does
not mean entreating and causal (as pop). There is a spectrum of styles,
including psychedelic trance, both heavy and intensive and more light than
'morning music'. Goa Trance is a style, where much attention is paid to
melodies produced by "magic", smoothly passed into each other instruments.
The availability of super low bass pulsation, even beats unseat backgrounds
layers create a very pleasant atmosphere of flight, which can't be compared
with anything. There is no vocal in GDA. Only samples of human voices are
used. The tempo is 140-150 BPM.
It
is a particular form of trance, which appeared after the year 1994. From
other trance forms it differs by the abundant usage of 'acid'
sounds. THe rhythm is even, 140-160 BPM; but rather tough, Electronic
melodies in their usual interpretation are usually absent. In
teems of mood this music is some that agressive and gloomy.
Anancient legend says that that this music is made after visiting
Goa in India. The place Goa has become a cult place for those who
like to dance to psychedelic music. In their opinion trance music
is such kind of music, which would be better called Acid Trance.
Goa Trance music is thought to absorb some elements of Indian culture,
including musical ones. There is a lot of such music and it is all, more
or less, homogeneous. But for real professionals it is not quite so. Only
a small part of this music is produced on CD or vinyl. THe
rest of music is listened to alive, i.e. only on DAT cassettes, DJs got
accustomed to playing this music at goa-parties from these cassettes to
make people feel happy from listening to unfamiliar music. There is something
of a cult and psychedelic element characteristic to music.
In England jungle music is the most popular in all rave movement and
it spang up in 1988. It
united techno music with hip-hop and brought a new type of subculture.
The year 1991 was an initial point of popularity of jungle, when such groups
as Prodigy, Shut Up and Dance began to use beats taken from rap records
in their grooves, increasing the speed till 150 BPM, at the same time groups
like Ragga Twins with such grooves as spiliff head enlivened and brought
raggy, into dance culture, Black Englishmen, adoring hardcore and breakbeat
music, worshipping distinct basses, more and more took after this type
of music. By 1993 jungle had finally separated from hardcore and became
one of the most popular styles of music among modern English youth. The
name 'jungle', as says me navigator from rather popular radio station
kool-fm in England, originated in Kingstown, Jamaica, called 'tivoli gardens',
People, living there, call 'Jungle' and 'Jungle men' those who play
rather popular traditional style of music. The last two years jungle
music has been presented to thousands of raves through the programs of
pirate radio stations, magazines and tens of clubs. In summer 1993 General
Levy made a composition called "Incredible" together with a producer of
m-beat, which became the first jungle hit, named among ten best composition
was paid to ragga-jungle, Englishmen Apachi & Shy fx's top 40 made
a hit "Original Nuttah" with original samples from compositions of
groups Cypress Hill and Goodfellas with very quick rap vocal. But it is
not everything. At the same time appeared many teams, playing ambient jungle-Omni
Trio, Foul Play, Da Intalex, Its Bukem and Metalheads. The appearance of
such a number of rather popular teams made one think that it happened due
to melodiousness and rather tought rhythm, as well as powerful bass, Jungle
fans are surprisingly fanatical. With the time Englishmen had to consider
all inventions of American specialists of percussion instruments.