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        Breakbeat came to its stylic formation Great Britain, and the major cities,  where it was originally mostly widespread were London and Bristol. Most likely the rapid growth of its popularity was caused by the fact that people had got quite tired of house -- beat by that time. The popularity was also  influenced by the usage of funk  grooves and hip-hop breakbeat.
        The major criterion for identifying breakbeat are clear, practically not arranged drums and percussion (except only compression) and standards rhythm 4/4. Solo players more often beat the 2nd and 4th parts. There may also be several additional beats. In simple words, the rhythmic base  of breakbeat is built on shifting of the part (syncopation) of some percussion instruments or  the whole part of rhythm. Syncopation more often takes place on the third part. The first time, this method was introduced by James Brown's  drummers. It is necessary to admit, that breakbeat is only common classification of all music which make use of the above described rhythm structure (except hip-hop, which appeared before).
        Further we shall regard the major styles of electronic music, which make use of breakbeat base.




        Trip-hop from Bristol should be paid special attention to.  The most well known and bright representatives of the tendency  are Massive Attack, Portishead and Tricky.  Officially Massive Attack is a founder of trip-hop (though it may be not quite exact) THis happened in 1991.  Slow rhythm, based on hip-hop combined with elements of raggy-dub and interesting electronic sounds. Each team from mentioned has got its favorite devices and peculiarities.  PORTISHEAD, for example, like to use samples from old movies in their music. Besides they work particularly at the sound of the team to give it retro colors.  More abstract and tric Tricky crowns the trio.




        In some way Trip-hop reminds listening to techno. It was especially  siwid atthe beginning of 1994 when people started to call it dance music for lazy-bones because of its slow (less then 120 BPM) tempo and inpossibility to use it at discos. The major features of trip-hop are hop breakbeat rhythm plus raggy bass.
        People identify trip-hop the following way:
  1. break rhythm must be show
  2. these must be quite a lot of sounds of electronic type in a composition
  3. trip-hop often sounds. Like  record playing.
        One can mistake trip-hop only with hip-hop. That's why these won't be any difficulties with the tendency.




        The main specific feature  of  "big beat" is peculiar sound created with the help of studio technique. Besides, it becomes heavy to a considerable extent (in comparion with trip hiphop).  Heavy Hendrix's guitars, howling alarms combined with with mightily, tough breakbeat are often used. Big beat combines fank grooves from hip-hop, the power of rock and swing methods of 'house'. You'd better dance to big beat are guys from "CHEMICAL BROTHERS". It you hear bass very distinctly, which differs from 'techno' and 'jungle' with bass beat on the first part, if you feel interrupted syncopated throbbing rhythm, it is sure to be big beat. Throbbing rhythm, it is sure to be big beat. The most famous representative of this style is EBOMAN, PROPELLERHEADS, RHYTM ACE.




        The main specific feature  of  "big beat" is peculiar sound created with the help of studio technique. Besides, it becomes heavy to a considerable extent (in comparion with trip hiphop).  Heavy Hendrix's guitars, howling alarms combined with with mightily, tough breakbeat are often used. Big beat combines fank grooves from hip-hop, the power of rock and swing methods of 'house'. You'd better dance to big beat are guys from "CHEMICAL BROTHERS". It you hear bass very distinctly, which differs from 'techno' and 'jungle' with bass beat on the first part, if you feel interrupted syncopated throbbing rhythm, it is sure to be big beat. Throbbing rhythm, it is sure to be big beat. The most famous representative of this style is EBOMAN, PROPELLERHEADS, RHYTM ACE.




        This category is a crazy, thrilling mixture of hip-hop, funk, noise and many other things. The best example of it is "Storm the Studio"(MEAT BEAT MANIFESTO debut work).
        Once it was thought that breakbeat had originated from DJ's table, where number of hip-hop vinyl were mixed at an increased speed, of cause one can use this, technique to get brockenrhytm, but it is only a particular case.




        The term 'techno' is used to describe many types of electronic music. According to _?_ OOP Pop Encyclopedia, techno is an abstract type of 'house'. But if 'house' grooves are usually mild and flowing, 'techno' grooves are tough and rather violent, as a rule. Of course , these is intelligent techno (mild and pleasant), but nobody says that all types of music can be stylistically identified, Ideologically techno embodies mechanical beat and different sounds (from apocalyptic alarms to sample dialogues from TV and syntezed noises). Techno is style first appeared in Detroit in the early 80-s. Like 'house' techno characterizes even kick, which falls on every quarter, In most cases techno is much quicker that 'house' (about 126-130 BPM), and does not contain disco claps in beat, which are encouraged in 'house' rhythms.
        Techno has got one great advantage: it gives freedom to creativity: one can use different percussion sounds, 'white' noises of different modifications as well disco sounds, which were popular in the late 70-s. If consider the most tough realm of techno minimalism, then we should speak about typical usage of arrhythmic sounds and fragments of beat, which help consciousness to transform this arthythmic sounds into consistent structure of brain.




        In about 1986 an independent subculture was formed in Detroit, which gave birth to futuristic and unusual music. DJs played their masterpiecesin clubs, smith, quite different from what listeners got accustomed to (today it sounds somewhat naive and traditional, but then it was really new). Stylistically this music can be determined as a determined as a mixture of American style 'p-funk' and European synthesized music (the brigest representatives of this music are NEW ORDER and KRAFTWERK).  The major feature of Detroit techno is polyrhythm. But it differs from formal polyrhythm (as, e.g., in African ritual percussion compositions). Detroit echno was strongly syncopated music with often usage of triplets above the fourth notes. It should be noticed that some features of disco and p-funk were originally absorbed by techno and from a certain period of time because its features. Wonderful saxophone and Tsumplet parts, as well as mild analogue synthesizers (usually YAMAHA DX7) belong to them.
        The time has named 3 heroes -- the founders of techno: Huan Atkins, Kevin Sunderson and Derrik May. The last of them considered to be the poorest and the most heroic. Huan Atkins is sill making music (now he is experimenting with jungle rhythms), and the most popular Derrick May deals with populat dance music, which borders on 'house'.
        The rhythms of  Detroit wave  are  fast 'het', 'bass beat' of secular techno structure (though syncopated sometimes), and also slow anarchic "solo".




        Minimal-techno is just a very simple rhythm and serval specific, sometimes synthesized sounds. It is a type of techno with a small amount of different noises. From the point of view ofliterary description minimal-techno does not evoke much interest, as it can be done with the help of one sentence. But from the pointof view of music this style is rather interesting and original thanks to maximum simplicity of minimal. It can be compared with simplicity of stringed quartet with respect to great symphony orchestra (but in spite of this the production of quartets does not become less amazing). Listen to techno-minimal more often and with the time you will understand the real meaning of arythms and blank even beat ...




        It is a heavy, less abstract and more aggressive verism of techno with very quick and even beat, abundance of industrial sounds, scaring shouts, yells, gnashing and howling synthesized themes. It is very popular to use 'crashes' as well as effect, like 'distortion' in hardcore grooves. The main features of this style are quick timbre (from 170 till 400 BPM)
and tough bass beat, missed in a distortion. It is worth saying that it was hardcore whose broken rhythms, typical for jungle grooves were used the first time. Side by side with even beat one can hear rether syncopated beats. Together with other styles, techno hardcore has got its wn branches: happy hardcore, gabber and some others.




        Gabber -- the quickest and toughest variety of hardcore -- was inventedin Holland in 1989. The number of beats per minute for this variety sometimes comes till 400, though in general, this figure is about 200 BPM .Speed up, mixed samples from radio programs for children and other amusing sound screeches, which  are thought to make music sound silly, are often used in gabber.




        Happy hardcore is a pop and most dancing variation of hardcore. It is often accompanied by children's voices, sweet melodies, quick beat, which is softened by different commercially respectable and fashionable synthesizers. the most typical representatives of this tendency are SCOOTER, Charlie Lownoise & Menthal Theo.
        A new tendency was table 'Digital Hardcore' Recordings which was founded in its Turn by Alect Empire. One wouldn't say that this music which is made on this table is techno hardcore. The have got  only one thing in common: the abundance of dirty filthy sound, the usage of tough rhythms and vocal achieved though distortion. The ideological base with guys from DHR is more profound, and their music is more original. The most typical reps of DHR table are SHIZUO, EC80R, ATARI TEENAGE RIOT, BOMBZO.
        In conclusion it should be said that digital techno hardcore and guitar hardcore are different things. With their specific methods of making and structuring.
        In middle 80-s a new style of dance music appeared in Chicago and New York. It just appeared. Now, ten years later, it seems usual and ordinary, but at that time it was really anew. This music was made to dance  to, and new electro-musucal instruments were used in it. It was underground and attracted the mostultra-modern followers of music. Some recordings  of those times still sound interesting and modern; some others, on the contrary, fell behid and remember them any longer.
        The name of this amusing style originated from the name of the club "Warehouse", where for the first time, DJs, who mixed music of KRAFTWERK with their own rhythms, made on drum-machine, got identical sounds.
        The structure of classical 'house' is rather simple: standard measure 4/4 and, not very quick tempo (about 120 BPM). 'Solo's clap comes with the second or fourth quarter, and het (in the interval between bass beat) - with the 16th part. 'House' grooves, as a rule, are filled with bright and pleasant passages, major cords and simple, easily -- remembers melodies.
        Disco and soul lie at the bottom of this style.
        In Chicago  house  vocal unwisely used, as well as typical easily recognized piano loops which is more important. Deep house ismore drawn to soul music (like New York garage), and gospel - vocal adds plenty of emotions to electronic rhythm and synthesized passages. The music of these trends often has got the folowwing scheme: clap comes with the 2nd and 4th quarter, het - with the 8th notes, cord or expressive hens -- with the piano, and swing or gospel vocal is added for emotions.




        Acid house is the second generation of 'house', raised by the atmosphere of Chicago city. From other trends this one differs by an abundance of trip synthesized sounds (typical for classical acid and produced by well known, electronic instrument -- Roland TB303), as well as deeper psychedelic sounds. Rather important factor in this trend is practically complete absence of vocal.




        These branches were introduced in the early 90-s, when the wave of commercial music overflow Europe. As well as in the 80-s disco was considered to be  typically club music, in the 90-s a new trend was given birth with the only aim to make peolpe dance ( i.e. the same as to consume music).  In more simple words, the base remained the same (it was described at the beginning of this narration), but all harsh melodic combinations were removed became 'sweeter';  difficult syncopes for the listener's comprehesion were also thrown away. As a result, simple and accessible music with simple rhythm and arrangement was produced. Some variations of this music are sometimes called 'hangdag' (the name originates from a kind of dance, which was performed by little girls around their rucksacks).
        The most interesting form of club houses mellow, which makes use of relaxing beat and corresponding sounds.         Paris and London -- two cities, which gave birth to new population of original house music in 1997 . Both French house and speed house are, in general, 'house, itself (i.e. classical house sounds is present in this music), though elements from other styles of modern electronic music are added to them. The most typical rep of French house is a French team DAFT PUNK. Its music combines elements of both house and techno.




        Speed garage is a combination of house rhythms and deep slow bass line. This branch grew from garage, though its vocal is more electronic (processed by vocoders another filters). Slow bass line  is taken from raggy. The  influence of drum-and-bass structure is also noticeably.
        Outside  stylistics
        There are some other branches of house. They are: tribal house (with latin percussion and disco samples), progressive house (elements of stadium atmosphere, vocals with echo, sounds of howling and applauding crowd.)




        Trance is a special ternd in electronic music. And it is not only some specific music, but it is particular culture
        The sources of this culture lie in the East, but the music itself is performed practically all over the world.  The most well known trance labels, where this music is recorded, are located in Europe. Having recorded new material, musicians from all over the world set off to place called GOA (in India). Once a year party of trance musicians, where they present their work, take place here. Well known producers from around the world also come there. These parties help musicians to share ideas, find newfriends; and producers look for 'fresh' faces and music, which might interest them. Music, called trance, is of wide concept; that's why to make its understanding easy it is divided into serval styles. To differ one trance style from the other is not easy. To be able to do so you should have an excellent hearing (an ability to divide trance compositions into separate grooves, to determine their number, to follow melodious lines of this or that instrument  and so on); know different concepts dealing  with electronic music, like 'sample', 'BPM', 'analogue'.  Besides, one must know quite a number of instruments ( to identify while listening), which are used by these or those  musicians.




        The term 'Goa Trance' means a particular style of  music  which  is played  in the region of India, called 'Goa'. This style of music  is made by Europeans and people from other countries, who are inspired by the culture of this region. Some eastern post colonial countries are under  the influence of Europe  (India is one of them);  the same concerns  South America and insular countries. It is one of the reasons why many people consider Yoa-style trance approximately the same style of music as "psyche trance". Psyche trance mostly originates from Great Britain, but there are many fans, musicians and DJs in the other part of Europe, in Israel, Japan, North America (just few) and other countries.
        Listening things happen ... The Israelis and  the Palestinians come together to parties and dance "enemy" in front on each other and don't want to fight any longer. It is a kind of an image of peace on Earth!
        The first thing which attracts your attention in psychedelic trance is a powerful specific drum instead of 808 and samples, that are foten used and samples, that are often used and do not have the same type of 'beat' with 909 (you won't find it in house or hard trance). Much more attention is paid to sounds than rhythm in psychedelic trance; you will find the same in Detroit style techno and percussive hard trance (hard trance with mostly percussion instruments).  Another thing that differs psyche trance trance from other forms of trance style is leading, crazy, analogue synthesized sounds. This style 'trance' is more concentration strange, analogue sounds, laid on each other to form constantly changing combination of synthesized sounds in such a way as to  make sounds of aliens. Psychedelic trance is not so 'bass-heavy', as some other forms of techno and house styles. Just on the opposite, the grooves are often even to identify medium and higher frequencies of  the sound spectrum; then the sound becomes lower and lower for super bass pulsation. It makes the sound of music very "light". You may even imagine flying to it.  "Light" does not mean entreating and  causal (as pop). There is a spectrum of styles, including psychedelic trance, both heavy and intensive and more light than 'morning music'. Goa Trance is a style, where much attention is paid to melodies produced by "magic", smoothly passed into each other instruments. The availability of super low bass pulsation, even beats unseat backgrounds layers create a very pleasant atmosphere of flight, which can't be compared with anything. There is no vocal in GDA. Only samples of human voices are used. The tempo is 140-150 BPM.




        It is a particular form of trance, which appeared after the year 1994. From other trance forms it differs by  the abundant  usage of 'acid' sounds.  THe rhythm is even, 140-160 BPM; but rather tough, Electronic melodies in their usual interpretation are usually absent.  In  teems of mood  this music is some that agressive and gloomy.  Anancient legend says that that this music is made after  visiting Goa in India.  The place Goa has become a cult place for those who like to dance to psychedelic music. In  their opinion trance music  is such kind of music, which would be better  called Acid Trance. Goa Trance music is thought to absorb some elements of  Indian culture, including musical ones. There is a lot of such music and it is all, more or less, homogeneous. But for real professionals it is not quite so. Only a small part  of this music is produced on CD or vinyl.  THe rest of music is listened to alive, i.e. only on DAT cassettes, DJs got accustomed to playing this music at goa-parties from these cassettes to make people feel happy from listening to unfamiliar music. There is something of a cult and psychedelic element characteristic to music.




In England jungle music is the most popular in all rave movement and it spang up in 1988. It
united techno music with hip-hop and brought a new type of subculture. The year 1991 was an initial point of popularity of jungle, when such groups as Prodigy, Shut Up and Dance began to use beats taken from rap records in their grooves, increasing the speed till 150 BPM, at the same time groups like Ragga Twins with such grooves as spiliff head enlivened and brought raggy, into dance culture, Black Englishmen, adoring hardcore and breakbeat music, worshipping distinct basses, more and more took after this type of music. By 1993 jungle had finally separated from hardcore and became one of the most popular styles of music among modern English youth. The name 'jungle', as says me navigator from rather  popular radio station kool-fm in England, originated in Kingstown, Jamaica, called 'tivoli gardens', People, living there, call 'Jungle' and 'Jungle men'  those who play rather popular traditional style of music.  The last two years jungle music has been presented to thousands of raves through the programs of pirate radio stations, magazines and tens of clubs. In summer 1993 General Levy made a composition called "Incredible" together with a producer of m-beat, which became the first jungle hit, named among ten best composition was paid to ragga-jungle, Englishmen Apachi & Shy fx's top 40 made a hit "Original Nuttah" with original samples  from compositions of groups Cypress Hill and Goodfellas with very quick rap vocal. But it is not everything. At the same time appeared many teams, playing ambient jungle-Omni Trio, Foul Play, Da Intalex, Its Bukem and Metalheads. The appearance of such a number of rather popular teams made one think that it happened due to melodiousness and rather tought rhythm, as well as powerful bass, Jungle fans are surprisingly fanatical. With the time Englishmen had to consider all inventions of  American specialists of percussion instruments.