Antitrust Legal Issues 2
Market power is considered harmless so
long as it is kept in check by the concept of entry. Theoretically, even an
absolute monopoly must remain competitive as long as the possibility exists that
a new firm might enter the market to offer new competition. If the possibility
does not exist, possibly as a result of the anticompetitive practices a
monopolist employs to maintain his monopoly, the monopolist is free to do as he
pleases in terms of output and prices.
The possibility of entry is assessed by
examining "barriers to entry," conditions which exist that would tend
to discourage entrepreneurs that would otherwise enter a market and offer the
monopolist competition.
The government says that barriers to
entry are rampant in the current software industry, and cites Microsoft's
misconduct as the source of many of them. According to the DOJ, everyone who
becomes a significant competitor to Microsoft is in effect defeated by
Microsoft's unfair business practices. This is alleged to have harmed the
consumers, who suffer substandard innovation and higher prices for software.
Microsoft says that entry is always
possible in a free capital market, one in which mergers are not impeded. A joint
venture by several weak firms can easily erode the market share of an abusive
monopolist. This fact makes entry a necessity, market power a moot point, and
any monopoly inherently short lived. Opponents of antitrust legislation cite the
same argument when claiming that the only permanent monopoly is one endorsed and
defended by the government, such as a public utility.