| Notes: Fungus-like Molds |
The case of fungi and fungus-like molds is a product of convergent evolution.
Myxomycota (plasmodial slime mold)
These are brightly pigmented but do not perform
photosynthesis. In their feeding stage, they are a mass of amoeboids
created from one zygote. This mass is called a plasmodium because the
amoeboids are not individual cells but one organism; the structure
of the plasmodium is coenzocytic: there is a mass of cytoplasm with
many, many, many synchronized diploid nuclei in one cell. These molds
actively consume food as they extend their pseudopodia for purposes of mobility.
When food is lacking, the coenzocyte creates a sporangium, or an elevated
sac filled with potential haplotypes forms of the single plasmodium. These
haplotypes alternate between amoeboid and flagellated forms before they
eventually fuse to create the diploid plasmodium in a process called syngamy.
Acrasiomycota (cellular slime mold)
These are solitary cells when food is plentiful. When
food is scarce, these individual cells group together into a reproductive
structure; however, there is no assimilation of the solitary cells: all
independent cells forming the reproductive unit are divided by their cell
membranes. As haploids, syngamy occurs during feeding to create a zygote
that has a resistant coating around it. The zygote then undergoes meiosis
to reproduce the solitary cells.
Oomycota (water mold)
These include water mold, white mold, and downy mold. They
consist of coenzocytic hyphae (fine branching filaments analogous to true fungi).
Diploidy is more prevalent unlike the other fungus-like molds. Its
sexual reproduction consists of egg nuclei in oogonium structures surrounded
by sperm nuclei in structures named antheridial (like anther in flowers) hyphae.
Members of Oomycota also form flagellated zoospores and are decomposers
in aquatic ecosystems.
Next: "Algae."