Sidney Fox used this technique to synthetically make proteins called proteinoids.  How does it work?

1. start with unlikely condensation: a dilute monomer concentration without efficient enzymes.
2. drip onto hot sand, clay, or rock.
3. the water vaporizes and concentrates the monomers so that the inefficient enzymes work better.  How does this concentration work?
   • when using clay:  since clay is charged, it has an attractive force that concentrates the monomers.
   • when using iron pyrite: since iron pyrite is also charged, attracting and yielding electrons for covalent bonding.

Next:  "Protobionts, Liposomes, Coacervates."