Notes: Cellular signals

Communication via proteins between ECM and the interior cell

signal transduction pathways

  1. An extracellular molecule (first messenger or FM) binds to a specific receptor protein (R1P).
  2. R1P activates a relay protein (R2P).
  3. R2P stimulates an effector protein (EP).
  4. EP produces an active 2nd messenger (A2M) from an inactive 2nd messenger (I2M).
  5. A2M triggers various cellular responses (CRs)

Next:  "Introduction to Cellular Respiration."