ANTIMONOPOLY

In the interval, the structure of the industry of the tobacco in the United States suffered deep changes. The practices of the ATC to obtain and to maintain their market woke up the opposition of the farmers, merchants of leaves, small makers, wholesalers, retailers and labor organizations. These groups wanted to obtain better prices for the farmers, an easier entrance in the market, bigger competition of prices and bigger gain margins for retailers and middlemen. The Supreme Tribunal dissolved the ATC in 1911 and it demanded him to be divided in several companies successors: Liggett & Myers Tobacco Company, Lorillard, a new ATC and R.J. Reytiolds I'obacco Conipany. For it was necessary to distribute the actions of the AFC and several permanent and transitory injunctions were emitted against the reunification. Although this measure didn't obtain, probably, the wanted results, the antecedent had long term deep effects on the international industry of the tobacco and it altered the structure of the national industry enough like to not promote the internal competition tied to the prices. 

In 1913, R.J. Reynolds that had not manufactured cigarettes previously, threw a new type, the American mixture, with tobaccos perfumed Burley. This cigarette, called Camel, it revolutionized the American market and soon it was imitated by the new Lucky Strike of the ATC and the Cliesterfield of the Liggett & Myers. The appearance of the American mixture stimulated the consumption of cigarettes and it inaugurated a new period (1913-1950) of well-known extremely quick internal expansion as the era of the marks standard. Of 1911 at 1949, the production annual total of cigarettes in the United States experienced a quick expansion (of 10 000 to 393 000 millions), while the consumption per cápita ended up almost being duplicated. Sands (1961) it reached the conclusion that the industry of the cigarette was the one that presented the biggest index of growth in physical yields of all the industries American manufacturers during the period from 1904 to 1947, and that this industry was only overcome by that of motor vehicles during the years from 1904 to 1937. The index of growth five-year average of the production was of 88% for the cigarettes and only of 15% for the rest of the North American factories of 1904 at 1947. The growth of the internal consumption and of the production it was so spectacular during this interval that none of the implied signatures showed interest some to develop operations abroad or to export their products.