Hipertension and Ateroesclerosis

 The main exposed organs to the hypertension is the brain, the heart, the big arteries and the kidneys. The appropriate exam of the retina by means of an oftalmoscopio allows to observe secondary changes to the hypertension.

When the high arterial pressure is not, the risk increases of developing a cardiac illness (as heart inadequacy or miocardio infarto), a renal illness and an ictus to an early age. The arterial hypertension is the factor of more important risk of ictus and it is also one of the three main factors of risk of miocardio infarto together with the habit of smoking and the high values of cholesterol. The treatments that make descend the high arterial pressure diminish the ictus risk and of heart inadequacy. It also diminishes the infarto risk, although not in way so clear. Less than 5% of the patients with wicked hypertension without treatment survives but of one year.

ATEROSCLEROSIS: 

In order to prevent the arterosclerosis, the controllable factors of risk should be eliminated, as the high values of cholesterol in the blood, the high arterial pressure, the consumption of tobacco, the obesity and the exercise lack. This way depending on each person's specific factors of risk, the prevention will consist on diminishing the values of cholesterol, to diminish the arterial pressure, to stop to smoke, to lose weight and to exercise. Fortunately to take measures to carry out some of these objectives help to carry out the other ones. For example to exercise helps to lose weight, that which in turn helps to diminish the values of cholesterol and of the arterial pressure. 
The habit of smoking is particularly dangerous for people that already have a high risk of suffering cardiac illnesses, to smoke cigarettes diminishes the concentration of good cholesterol or cholesterol with lipoproteínas of high density and it increases the concentration of the bad cholesterol or cholesterol with lipoproteínas of low density. The cholesterol the value of monoxide of carbon also increases in the blood, what can increase the risk of lesions of the lining of the arterial wall and it also contracts already the arteries narrowed by the aterosclerosis and, therefore, it diminishes the quantity of blood that it arrives to the fabrics. On the other hand to smoke the tendency of the blood increases to clot, what increases the risk of the outlying arterial illness, illness of the coronary arteries, ictus and arterial obstruction after a surgical intervention.

People that stop smoking have half of risk of those that continue smoking (with independence of as much as they have smoked before leaving the habit). to stop smoking also diminishes the risk of death after a surgery of coronary revascularización (bypass) or of an infarto. It also diminishes the incidence of illnesses in general and the risk of death in patient with aterosclerosis in arteries different from those that feed the heart and the brain.

In definitive, the best treatment for the aterosclerosis is the prevention. When the aterosclerosis becomes the sufficiently serious thing as to cause complications, the same complications should be treated (chest angina, infarto, arrhythmia, heart inadequacy, renal inadequacy, ictus or obstruction of the outlying arteries).

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