How is leukemia diagnosed?

Blood and marrow cells are evaluated. In addition, doctors will take a blood sample to conduct a complete blood count (CBC). Blood cells will be stained for examination of leukemic blast cells. If abnormal blood test results occur, a bone marrow sample will be obtained. Immunophenotyping is a test that involves detection of leukemic cells by recognizing unique surface proteins. Another test, called computed tomography (CT), scan images of the spleen and lymph nodes to examine for enlargements. In addition, cytogenetic testing is used to detect chromosomes' abnormalities.

What are possible causes of leukemia?

Studies indicate that leukemia is not inherited nor is it contagious. Although scientists have been unable to pinpoint the exact cause. Several factors are suspected.

Environmental factors such as high-dose radiation or exposure to certain toxic chemicals (atomic bombs) may trigger the development of leukemic cells.

Birth Defect such as Down's Syndrome provides higher risk for leukemia.

Continuation of exposure to high level x-ray radiation will increase susceptiblity for leukemic development.

Chemical irritants: the inhalation of toxic vapor such as benzol vapors causes a variety of blood disorders, including leukemia.

Viruses cause leukemia in animals. However, in humans, viruses cause only one rare type of leukemia. Even if a virus is involved, leukemia is not contagious.

Genetics- there may be a genetic predispositon to leukemia. There are rare families with people who are born with chromosome damage. These people have genes that increase their chances of developing leukemia.