The
Origin Of Matter And
It's Spread In Universe
The
Nature
Of Universe
In The
Ancient's
Point
Of View
The Origin Of
Matter And
It's Spread
In Universe
Every
element in universe was formed in stars as the titanic explosion was like
a very huge reactor, in this section we'll talk about the first elements
and their formation.
This
section includes the following topics:
The
1st elements in universe:
1)Hydrogen:
known by the symbol H, the atomic and mass number is 1 and it exists by
73% in universe, it has 3 important isotopes which are:
Proton 1H, deuterium 2H, tritium 3H which
contain 2 neutron and one proton
1
2 1
and it can be prepared by bombarding lithium by neutrons as follows:
6 Li + 1N
3H + 4H
3
0
1 2
2)Helium: exists by 25%, it has 7 isotopes
the most important is 4H and the
2
nucleus of this atom is considered as an (alpha) particle (there’s
wrong thoughts believes that (alpha) is a wave).
3)Lithium: and it’s important to prepare 4HE and
3H by 2 isotopes 6Li and
2
1
3
7Li respectively.
3
4)Boron: 10B.
5
5)Beryllium: 9Be.
-4
How were the other elements formed?
William Prout answer
this important question, by saying that this difficult mission was made by
stars, also all the elements are formed from hydrogen by multiplying the
atomic weight of hydrogen, therefore Prout’s theory was right (Prout's theory
was rejected for many years because neutron-one of nucleus’s elements
wasn’t discovered until 1932), until now 107 elements are known, and we
don’t know whether they’re the only elements or not because we
didn’t discover except 11 kilometers from earth’s crust whose depth is
35 kilometers all elements are formed in stars by the fusion of hydrogen
atoms but the elements whose atomic no. Greater than 26 are formed in
super nova, 2 hydrogen atom are fused forming a helium atom (3H
+ 2H
4He + 1n) in 15,000,000 k after millions of years
1
1 2 0
the stars finish all hydrogen atoms and if it was similar to sun’s size,
it will shrink and die, but it was more than sun’s size the reaction
will be renewed by fusing helium atoms into silicon in 40,000,000 k, the
silicon fuse forming nickel 5G then cobah 5G and it’s half life time in
77 days only, it will turn into iron 56, after iron the reaction stops and
the star begin to be destroyed, the huge pressed leads to the burning of
the element inside the center of the star and the huge star turns into
super nova which explodes in hours, through these hours all elements
bigger than 26 began to be formed, after that the super nova explodes, and
the matter spread rapidly (10,000 km\second) the remains becomes a nebula
e.g. crap nebula was a super nova which explodes in 1054 also cosmic rays
play an important roles in the formation of the element and also neutrino
body.
