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a drug used in medicine and by people wanting excitment a substance which make one unable to feel pain or relieve pain This is a relatively rare but serious sleep disorder. In sleep apnea, the individual stops breathing while asleep. There are two main reasons for apnea attacks. One reason is that the brain fails to send a "breathe" signal to the diaphragm and other breathing muscles, thus causing breathing to stop. The other reason is that muscles at the top of the throat become too relaxed, allowing the windpipe to partially close, thereby forcing the breathing muscles to pull harder on incoming air, which causes the airway to completely collapse. During an apnea, the oxygen level of the blood drops dramatically, leading to the secretion of emergency hormones. This reaction causes the sleeper to awaken in order to begin breathing again. Apnea, in most cases, has been found to be an inherited trait. a disease causing pain and swelling in the joints of the body B These are found mainly in adults who are awake, alert, whose eyes are open and who may be concentrating on some task or other activity. They are most reliably recorded from the front and middle of the scalp, and are related to activity in the sensory and motor cortex. a short pause or a stop; act of ceasing (of a disease) continual; lasting a long time, suffering from a disease or illness over a long time. resulting from a coincidence, events happened by chance (of a disease) that can be passed from one person to another by touch These are dominant waves of deep, dreamless sleep, which take place in stages three and four of sleep. (EEG) A machine that detects and records electrical activity in the brain by registering potential differences between electrodes placed on the scalp, arising as a result of currents in the brain. Modern EEG machines register as many as 16 'channels' of brain activity on a multi-pen recorder (a polygraph). EEG signals are distinguished by their frequency and by the region in which they arise. For example, alpha waves (8-13 Hz) arise in the occipital region and are associated with states of relaxation; beta waves (15-30 Hz) arise in the frontal region. The technique can be used in neurology to diagnose disordered activity of the brain caused by epilepsy, and sometimes local disorders, such as a tumour. the study of all the knowledge, beliefs, habits, etc., of a racial or national group, still preserved by memory, or in use from earlier and simpler times. method of analysis in which a person says the first word that comes to his mind in response to one spoken by the analyst. vivid dreamlike visions experienced by some patients of narcolepsy. subnormal activity of the thyroid gland a sleep-like state in which a person's mind and actions can be controlled by another person the practice of hypnotizing someone to spoil or weaken forming a natural part ( of a set of qualities, a character, etc...) This is one of the more common sleeping disorders where a person is either unable or afraid to go to sleep. This disorder is also sometimes caused by sickness of disease. easily made angry by small things Introspection (Latin, 'looking inwards') is the faculty by which one is aware of one's own mental states and not other people's. One introspects that one is in pain, that one is hungry, and that one is becoming angry although one has yet to express one's anger behaviourally. One does not always acquire knowledge of one's own mental states by introspection. One may learn that one is angry with a friend by inferring this from the way in which one keeps avoiding them, and not by introspecting the anger one has repressed, in just the way that one can infer how someone else is feeling from their behaviour. A dream in which the dreamer becomes aware that they are dreaming, and can carry on the dream with unbroken awareness. Dreaming in this state is a skill which can be learned. Lucid dreams, like all dreams, usually occur during REM sleep. Most of us have had a lucid dream during our life, whether we remember it from childhood (a high-level lucid dream) or from two days ago (a low-level lucid dream). clear and obvious give one pleasure by stimulating the genitals of branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of existence, truth and knowledge. This is a severe sleeping disorder. A person who has narcolepsy may fall asleep while writing a letter, driving a car, or carrying on a conversation. Individuals with this dysfunction have recurring, irresistible attacks of drowsiness, and simply fall asleep at inappropriate times. These can occur for a period of a few seconds anywhere to 30 minutes and in severe cases occur several times in a day. another name for nerve cell the study of the complex chemical and physical changes that are associated with the activity of the nervous system. Nightmares are dreams that usually occur in the last three hours of sleep during a REM period. Nightmares are terrifying dreams in which our worst fears are brought to life in convincing detail. Nightmares are almost always long and intense. Some people may wake up after a nightmare in a cold sweat and can sometimes keep people from getting a good nights sleep. But as all problem dreams they can be overcome by facing up to what they can mean in your life. A hormone produced by the adrenal glands and also secreted from nerve endings in the sympathetic nervous system as a chemical transmitter of nerve impulses. Many of its general actions are similar to those of adrenaline, but it is more concerned with maintaining normal body activity than with preparing the body for emergencies. seems to be absurd or contradictory but is or may be true. to cause somthing to continue. absent-mindness The science that deals with mental processes and behavior. treatment of mental disorders by psychological methods. adjective of motionless. Silent, quiet, still, hushed, insensible, soundless, placid, tranquil, calm drug for making an anxious person feel calm. The finding of one thing while engaged in a search for something else. A compound , derived from the amino acid tryptophan, that affects the diameter of blood vessels and also functions as a neurotransmitter. A neurotransmitter found in neural pathways of peripheral ganglia and in the central nervous system. Also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT, it is an inhibitory transmitter whose actions have been implicated in various processes including sleep, pain and the psychobiology of various affective disorders, specifically depression and bipolar disorder. the thoughts, instincts, fears, etc in the mind, that one is not fully aware but influence one's action. easily influenced or harmed by somthing. change in the body that indicates an illness formal study of the nature of God and of the foundations of religious belief. (4 - 7 cycles per second) brainwaves found in adults who are extremely relaxed. They are associated with creativity, high suggestibility, and flashes of inspiration. drug for making an anxious person feel calm; sedative lasting for only a short time; brief; fleeting insensible; not knowing what is going on around one because one is unable to use bodily senses and mental power. |