UPDATED:
Thursday, August 10, 2000

EINSTEIN, ALBERT (1879-1955)
A German-born American physicist and Nobel laureate, best known as the creator of the special and general theories of relativity and for his bold hypothesis concerning the particle nature of light. He is perhaps the most well-known scientist of the 20th century.

PASCAL, BLAISE (1623-1662)
A French philosopher, mathematician, and physicist, considered one of the great minds in Western intellectual history.

RUTHERFORD, ERNEST (1871-1937)
A British physicist, who became a Nobel laureate for his pioneering work in nuclear physics and for his theory of the structure of the atom.

GALILEI, GALILEO (1564-1642)
A Italian physicist and astronomer. His main contributions were, in astronomy, the use of the telescope in observation and the discovery of sunspots, lunar mountains and valleys, the four largest satellites of Jupiter, and the phases of Venus. In physics, he discovered the laws of falling bodies and the motions of projectiles. 

CURIE, MARIE (1867-1934) 
A Polish-born French chemist. She was awarded the 1911 Nobel Prize in chemistry in recognition of her work in discovering radium and polonium and in isolating radium.

COPERNICUS, NICOLAUS (1473-1543)
A Polish astronomer, best known for his astronomical theory that the sun is at rest near the center of the universe, and that the earth, spinning on its axis once daily, revolves annually around the sun. This is called the heliocentric, or sun-centered, system.

GASSENDI, PIERRE (1592-1655)
A French philosopher and savant.

BOYLE, ROBERT (1627-1691)
A English natural philosopher and one of the founders of modern chemistry. Boyle is best remembered for Boyle's law, a physical law that explains how the pressure and volume of a gas are related. Boyle was also a pioneer in the use of experiments and the scientific method to test his theories.

NEWTON, SIR ISSAC (1642-1727)
A English physicist, mathematician, and natural philosopher, considered one of the most important scientists of all time. Newton formulated laws of universal gravitation and motion—laws that explain how objects move on Earth as well as through the heavens. He established the modern study of optics—or the behavior of light—and built the first reflecting telescope. His mathematical insights led him to invent the area of mathematics called calculus.

 HERSCHEL, SIR WILLIAM (1738-1822)
A German-born British astronomer, who made many important contributions to astronomy.

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