Reference Main

Acidic Solutions
Basic Solutions

Periodic Table of Elements

Constants and Variables

Vapor Pressure of Water

Ionization Energies, Electron Affinities, and Electronegativities

Ionization Constants for Weak Acids at 25º C

Ionization Constants for Weak Bases at 25º C

Standard Reduction Potentials

Thermodynamic Values (A-C)

Thermodynamic Values (F-O)

Thermodynamic Values (P-Z)

Bibliography



Standard Reduction Potentials (Acidic Solutions)

Standard Reduction Potentials Acidic Solutions
KEY: half-reaction .......... (Volts)
Li+ + e- Li(s) .......... = -3.05
Cs+ + e- Cs(s) .......... = -2.92
K+ + e- K(s) .......... = -2.92
Rb+ + e- Rb(s) .......... = -2.92
Ba2+ + 2e- Ba(s) .......... = -2.90
Sr2+ + 2e- Sr(s) .......... = -2.89
Ca2+ + 2e- Ca(s) .......... = -2.87
Na+ + e- Na(s) .......... = -2.71
Mg2+ + 2e- Mg(s) .......... = -2.37
Be2+ + 2e- Be(s) .......... = -1.70
Al3+ + 3e- Al(s) .......... = -1.66
Al3+(aq) + 3e- Zr(s) .......... = -1.66
Zr4+(aq) + 4e- Zr(s) .......... = -1.53
ZnS(s) + 2e- Zn(s) + S2-(aq) .......... = -1.44
CdS(s) + 2e- Cd(s) + S2-(aq) .......... = -1.21
Mn2+ + 2e- Mn(s) .......... = -1.18
V2+(aq) + 2e- V(s) .......... = -1.18
FeS(s) + 2e- Fe(s) + S(SUP>2-(aq) .......... = -1.01
Cr2+(aq) + 2e- Cr(s) .......... = -0.91
Zn2+ + 2e- Zn(s) .......... = -0.763
Cr3+ + 3e- Cr(s) .......... = -0.74
HgS(s) + 2H+(aq) + 2e- Hg(l) + H2S(g) .......... = -0.72
Ga3+(aq) + 3e- Ga(s) .......... = -0.53
2CO2(g) + 2H+(aq) (COOH)2(aq) .......... = -0.49
Fe2+ + 2e- Fe(s) .......... = -0.44
Cr3+ + e- Cr2+ .......... = -0.41
Cd2+ + 2e- Cd(s) .......... = -0.403
Se(s) + 2H+(aq) + 2e- H2Se(aq) .......... = -0.40
PbSO4(s) + 2e- Pb(s) + SO42-(aq) .......... = -0.356
Tl+ + e- Tl(s) .......... = -0.34
Co2+ + 2e- Co(s) .......... = -0.28
Ni2+ + 2e- Ni(s) .......... = -0.25
[SnF6]2-(aq) + 4e- Sn(s) + 6F-(aq) .......... = -0.25
AgI(s) + e- Ag(s) + I-(aq) .......... = -0.15
Sn2+ + 2e- Sn(s) .......... = -0.14
Pb2+ + 2e- Pb(s) .......... = -0.13
N2O(g) + 6H+(aq) + H2O + 4e- 2NH3OH+(aq) .......... = -0.05
2H+ + 2e- H2(g) .......... = 0.00
AgBr(s) + e Ag(s) + Br-(aq) .......... = 0.0713
S(s) + 2H+ + 2e- H2S(g) .......... = 0.14
Cu2+ + e- Cu+ .......... = 0.15
Sn4+(aq) + 2e- Sn2+(aq) .......... = 0.15
SO42-(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 2e- H2SO3(aq) + H2O .......... = 0.17
SO42-(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 2e- SO2(g) + 2H2O .......... = 0.20
AgCl(s) + e- Ag(s) + Cl-(aq) .......... = 0.222
HgCl2(s) + 2e- 2Hg(l) + 2Cl-(aq) .......... = 0.27
Cu2+ + 2e- Cu(s) .......... = 0.34
[RhCl6]3- + 3e- Rh(s) + 6Cl-(aq) .......... = 0.44
Cu+ + e- Cu(s) .......... = 0.52
TeO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + 4e- Te(s) + 2H2) .......... = 0.529
I2(s) + 2e- 2I- .......... = 0.53
H3AsO4(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e- H3AsO3(aq) .......... = 0.58
[PtCl6]2-(aq) + 2e- [PtCl4]2-(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) .......... = 0.68
O2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e- H2O2(aq) .......... = 0.682
[PtCl6]2-(aq) + 2e- Pt(s) + 4Cl-(aq) .......... = 0.73
SbCl6- + 2e- SbCl4-(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) .......... = 0.75
Fe3+ + e- Fe2+ .......... = 0.77
Hg22+ + 2e- 2Hg(l) .......... = 0.79
Ag+ + e- Ag(s) .......... = 0.80
Hg2+ + 2e- Hg(l) .......... = 0.79
2Hg2+ + 2e- Hg22+ .......... = 0.92
NO3-(aq) + 3H+(aq) + 3e- HNO(aq) + H2O .......... = 0.94
NO3-(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 3e- NO(g) + 2H2O .......... = 0.96
Pd2+(aq) + 2e- Pd(s) .......... = 0.987
AuCl4-(aq) + 3e- Au(s) + 4Cl-(aq) .......... = 1.00
Br2(l) + 2e- 2Br- .......... = 1.07
ClO4-(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e- ClO3-(aq) + H2O .......... = 1.19
IO3-(aq) + 6H+(aq) + 5e- 1/2I2(aq) + 3H2O .......... = 1.195
Pt2+(s) + 2e- Pt(s) .......... = 1.2
O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e- 2H2O(l) .......... = 1.23
MnO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + 2e- Mn2+(aq) + 2H2O .......... = 1.23
N2H5+(aq) + 3H+(aq) + 2e- 2NH4+(aq) .......... = 1.24
Cr2O72-(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6e- 2Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O .......... = 1.33
Cl2 + 2e- 2Cl- .......... = 1.36
BrO3-(aq) + 6H+(aq) + 6e- Br-(aq) + 3H2O .......... = 1.44
ClO3-(aq) + 6H+(aq) + 5e- 1/2Cl2(g) + 3H2O .......... = 1.47
Au3+ + 3e- Au(s) .......... = 1.50
MnO4-(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5e- Mn2+(aq) + 4h20 .......... = 1.51
NaBiO3(s) + 6H+(aq) + 5e- Bi3+(aq) + Na+(aq) + 3H2O .......... = 1.6
Ce4+(aq) + e- Ce3+(aq) .......... = 1.61
2HClO(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e- Cl2(g) + 2H2O .......... = 1.63
Au+ + e- Au .......... = 1.68
PbO2(s) + SO42-(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 2e- PbSO4(s) + 2H2O .......... = 1.685
NiO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + 2e- Ni2(aq) + 2H2O .......... = 1.7
H2O2(aq) + 2H+ + 2e- 2H2O .......... = 1.77
Pb4+(aq) + 2e- Pb2+(aq).......... = 1.8
Co3+ + e- Co2+ .......... = 1.82
F2(g) + 2e- 2F- .......... = 2.87