Constants and Variables

Constants and Variables E = Energy = frequency λ = wavelength p = momentum v = velocity n = principal quantum number m = mass Speed of Light: c = 3.0 x 108m/s Planck's Constant: h = 6.63 x 10-34 Js Boltzmann's Constant: k = 1.38 x 10-23 J/K Avogadro's Number: 6.022 x 1023 molecules/mol Electron Charge: e = -1.602 x 10-19 coulomb 1 Electron volt per Atom: 96.5 kJ/mol P = pressure V = volume T = temperature n = number of moles (in most cases) D = density urms = root-mean-square speed KE = kinetic energy r = rate of effusion M = molar mass π = osmotic pressure i = van't Hoff factor (number of ions produced) Kf = molal freezing-point depresion constant Kb = molal boiling-point depresion constant Q = reaction quotient I = current (amperes) q = charge (coulombs) t = time (seconds) Eº = standard reduction potential K = equilibrium constant

Equilibrium Constants Ka (weak acid) Kb (weak base) Kw (water) Kp (gas pressure) Kc (molar concentrations) Sº = standard entrophy Hº = standard enthalpy Gº = standard free energy Eº = standard reduction potential T = temperature n = moles m = mass q = heat c = specific heat capacity Cp = molar heat capacity at constant pressure 1 faraday () = 96,500 coulombs

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