KINEMATIC FORMULAS

Coefficient of Friction:  µ = F ÷ N

µ - coefficient of friction;  F - force of friction;  N - force normal to surface

Velocity:  v = d ÷ t

v - average velocity;  d - distance;  t - elapsed time

Acceleration:  a =  (v_j - v_i) ÷ t

a - acceleration;  v_j - final velocity;  v_i - initial velocity;  t - elapsed time

Newton's 2nd Law of Motion:  F = m * a

F - force;  m - mass;  a - acceleration

Law of Universal Gravitation:  F = G [(m₁ *  m₂) ÷ d²]

F - force of attraction;  G - gravitational constant;  m₁ *  m₂ - product of           d - distance between their centers                                          masses

Centripetal Force:  F = (m * v²) ÷ r

F - centripetal force;  m - mass;  v - velocity;  r - radius of path

Pendulum:  T = 2∏ [√(l ÷ g)]

T - period;  l - length;  g - acceleration of gravity

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