TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS

Boyle's Law:

P₁ x V₁ = P₂ x V₂ at constant temperature.

P - pressure;  V - volume

Zero Kelvin is the lowest possible temperature, however it has never been attained in practice.*

In Kelvin absolute temperature scale: water boils at 373k, freezes at 273k.

Charles Law: (V₁ / V₂) = (T₁ / T₂) at constant pressure.

V - volume;  T - temperature

Combination of Charles' and Boyle's Laws:

(V₁P₁) / T₁ = (V₂P₂) / T₂

Rule of Thumb: When heated through one degree Celsius, any gas expands 1/273 of its volume at 0°C if the pressure remains constant.

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* 0k has not been attained as of the creating of this web site, but because of rapid technological advances, it may be soon.