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Before Cells
On the Origin of Cells
Basics of Cells
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On the Origins of Cells

Some scientists believe that elementary organic molecules were formed by:
Simple gases reacting with energy and water
Bacteria excretion
Dinosaur DNA breaking down
Metal ions influencing the magnetic field around simple molecules


How could have polynucleotides replicate without enzymes present?
It was impossible for polynucleotides to replicate
Metal ions and minerals could serve as crude precursors to enzymes
The polynucleotides could have replicated using scissors and tape
The polynucleotides used water to aid replication


What effect do replication errors have on evolution?
Replication errors doom all the polynucleotides to a quick death
Replication errors do not occur
Replication errors hinder evolution by allowing different polynucleotides to develop
Replication errors drive evolution by allowing for the possibility of beneficial and negative changes that can, respectively, aid or doom the specific polypeptide


When did polynucleotides begin to synthesize their own polypeptides (proteins)
8-10 Billion years ago
3.5-4 Billion years ago
2-2.5 Billion years ago
1-2 Billion years ago


What ISN'T a reason that polypeptides were used for DNA replication instead of primitive catalysts?
Because polypeptides are more efficient
Because polypeptides are more accurate
Because polypeptides are easier to make
Because polypeptides have greater genetic variation


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