Heller, Celia S.  On the Edge of Destruction: Jews of Poland Between the Two World Wars.  New York: Columbia University     Press, 1977.

Hoffman, Eva.  Shtetl: The Life and Death of a Small Town and the World of Polish Jews.  Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company,  1997, pp. 156-200.

Kasnett, Yitzchak. The World That Was: Poland.  Cleveland: The Living Memorial, 1997.

YIVO Autobiographies.  New York: YIVO Society

Gronowicz, Antoni.  Polish Profiles: The Land, The People, and Their History.   Westport, CT.: Lawrence Hill and Company, 1976.

Vinecour, Earl.  Polish Jews: The Final Chapter.  New York: New York University Press, 1977.

Kacyzne, Alter.  Polyn: Jewish Life in the Old Country.  New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1999.

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