Types of Eruptions

There are mainly four basic types of volcanic eruptions. They are Hawaiian, Strombolian, Vulcanian and Peleean.

Hawaiian eruptions are the least violent. In these eruptions, highly fluid lava flows out quietly from several vents and gradually builds up a shield volcano. These eruptions are named after the Hawaiian volcanoes.

Strombolian eruptions are named after Stromboli. There is a continuous escape of gas from the magma. As the gas escapes, rock fragments that pile up into a cinder cone are produced. There is also an abundance of volcanic bombs and cinders.

Vulcanian eruptions get their name from Vulcano, an Italian volcanic island. Viscous magma flows to form short, thick flows around the vent. The magma also plugs up the central vein, building up pressure. Solid fragments of lava and dust are ejected once the pressure is released.

Peleean eruptions are the most violent. This eruption occurs when the gas in viscous magma builds up pressure. Violent explosions that produce glowing clouds of hot ash and cinders are caused. Much of the volcano also blows apart.

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