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Bulk Parameters,
Orbital Parameters, Observational Parameters, Mean
Orbital Elements, Atmosphere, Satellites
of Mars.
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| Bulk Parameters | Mars | Earth | Ratio (Mars/Earth) |
| Mass (1024 kg) | 0.64185 | 5.9736 | 0.107 |
| Volume (1010 km3) | 16.318 | 108.321 | 0.151 |
| Equatorial Radius (km) | 3397 | 6378.1 | 0.533 |
| Polar radius (km) | 3375 | 6356 | 0.531 |
| Volumetric mean radius (km) | 3390 | 6371.0 | 0.532 |
| Ellipticity | 0.00648 | 0.0034 | 1.93 |
| Mean density (kg/m3) | 39933 | 5515 | 0.713 |
| Surface gravity (eq.) (m/s2) | 3.69 | 9.78 | 0.377 |
| Escape velocity (km/s) | 5.03 | 11.19 | 0.450 |
| GM (x 106 km3/s2) | 0.04283 | 0.3986 | 0.107 |
| Bond albedo | 0.250 | 0.306 | 0.817 |
| Visual geometric albedo | 0.150 | 0.367 | 0.409 |
| Visual magnitude V (1,0) | -1.52 | -3.86 | - |
| Solar irradiance (W/m2) | 589.2 | 1367.6 | 0.431 |
| Black-body temperature (K) | 210.1 | 254.3 | 0.826 |
| Topographic range (km) | 30 | 20 | 1.500 |
| Moment of inertia (I/MR2) | 0.366 | 0.3308 | 1.106 |
| J2 (x 10-6) | 1960.45 | 1082.63 | 1.811 |
| Orbital Parameters | Mars | Earth | Ratio (Mars/Earth) |
| Semimajor axis (106 km) | 277.92 | 149.6 | 1.524 |
| Sidereal orbit period (days) | 686.980 | 365.256 | 1.881 |
| Tropical orbit period (days) | 686.973 | 356.242 | 1.881 |
| Perihelion (106 km) | 206.62 | 147.1 | 1.405 |
| Aphelion (106 km) | 249.23 | 152.1 | 1.639 |
| Synodic period (days) | 779.94 | - | - |
| Mean orbital velocity (km/s) | 24.13 | 29.79 | 0.810 |
| Max. orbital velocity (km/s) | 26.50 | 30.29 | 0.875 |
| Min. orbital velocity (km/s) | 21.97 | 29.29 | 0.750 |
| Orbital inclination (deg) | 1.850 | 0.00 | - |
| Orbit eccentricity | 0.0935 | 0.0167 | 5.599 |
| Sidereal rotation period (hrs) | 24.6229 | 23.9345 | 1.029 |
| Length of day (hrs) | 24.6597 | 24.0000 | 1.027 |
| Obliquity to orbit (deg) | 25.19 | 23.45 | 1.074 |
| Observational Parameters | |||
| Discoverer: | Unknown | ||
| Discovery Date: | Prehistoric | ||
| Apparent diameter from Earth | Maximum | 25.7 | |
| (seconds of arc): | Minimum | 3.5 | |
| Distance from Earth | Maximum | 401.3 | |
| (106 km): | Minimum | 54.5 | |
| Mean values at opposition from Earth: | Distance from Earth: 78.39 x 106 km | Apparent Diameter: 17.9 seconds of arc | Maximum Visual magnitude:-2.0 |
| Mean Orbital Elements (J200) | |||
| Semimajor axis (A.U.) | 1.52366231 | ||
| Orbital eccentricity | 0.09341233 | ||
| Orbital inclination (deg) | 1.85061 | ||
| Longitude of ascending node | 49.57854 | ||
| Longitude of perihelion (deg) | 336.04084 | ||
| Mean Longitude (deg) | 355.45332 | ||
| Atmosphere | |||
| Surface Pressure | ~6.1 millibars, (6.9 mb to 9 mb at Viking 1 lander site) | ||
| Surface Density (at 1 bar) | ~0.020 kg/m3 | ||
| Scale Height | 11.1 km | ||
| Average temperature | ~210 K | ||
| Diurnal temperature range | 184 K to 242 K (Viking 1 Lander site) | ||
| Wind speeds | 2 to 7 m/s (summer) | 5-10 m/s (fall) | 17-30 m/s (dust storm) |
| Mean molecular weight | 43.34 g/mole | ||
| Atmospheric Composition: | |||
| Major: | Carbon Dioxide - 95.32% | Nitrogen - 2.7% | |
| Argon - 1.6% | Oxygen - 0.13% | Carbon Monoxide - 0.08% | |
| Minor (ppm): | Water - 210 | Nitrogen Oxide - 100 | Neon - 2.5 |
| Hydrogen-Deuterium- Oxygen (HDO) - 0.85 |
Krypton (Kr)- 0.3 | Xenon - 0.08 | |
| Satellites of Mars | Phobos | Deimos |
| Semimajor axis from the center of Mars (106 km) | 9378 | 23459 |
| Sidereal orbit period (days) | 0.31891 | 1.26244 |
| Sidereal rotation period (hrs) | 0.31891 | 1.26244 |
| Orbital inclination (deg) | 1.08 | 1.79 |
| Orbit eccentricity | 0.0151 | 0.0005 |
| Major axis radius (km) | 13.4 | 7.5 |
| Median Axis radius (km) | 11.2 | 6.1 |
| Minor axis (km) | 9.2 | 5.2 |
| Mass (1015 kg) | 10.6 | 2.4 |
| Mean density (kg/m3) | 1900 | 1750 |
| Geometric albedo | 0.07 | 0.08 |
| Visual magnitude V (1,0) | +11.8 | +12.89 |
| Apparent visual magnitude (V0) | 11.3 | 12.40 |
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Fact sheet source from NSSDC/NASA |